September 2019 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Dermal Papilla Cells grown in 3D and with stem cells better mimic natural hair growth conditions than cells grown in 2D.
36 citations
,
November 1990 in “The Journal of Dermatology” Dermal papillae enhance hair follicle growth and structure.
Treating vitiligo with stem cells and melanocytes from hair, along with UVB light, works better than without the light.
7 citations
,
December 1991 in “Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences” Dermal papillae are crucial for hair growth and maintenance.
17 citations
,
August 2020 in “Stem Cell Research & Therapy” A 3D cell model can rejuvenate stem cells to improve wound healing.
July 2020 in “Research Square (Research Square)” A 3D co-culture model improved stem cell function and wound healing.
48 citations
,
March 2020 in “Stem Cell Research & Therapy” Using a collagen sponge scaffold helps stem cells become more like skin cells.
January 2024 in “Biomaterials Research” The new 3D system helps test hair growth treatments effectively.
18 citations
,
January 1994 in “Skin Pharmacology and Physiology” Human dermal fibroblasts and hair papilla cells help outer root sheath cells grow and develop properly.
December 2025 in “Advanced Healthcare Materials” The Spherical Skin Model improves drug and cosmetic testing by accurately mimicking human skin for efficient compound screening.
December 2015 in “Vascular Pharmacology” Hair papilla cells are crucial for blood vessel development in hair follicles, affecting hair growth and loss.
October 2021 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” The study concluded that the developed models are effective for studying hair growth mechanisms and testing new treatments.
11 citations
,
February 2020 in “Journal of Biomaterials Science Polymer Edition” The new GelMet hydrogel can effectively support skin cell growth for tissue engineering.
14 citations
,
September 2018 in “Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications” Growing hair cells with dermal cells can potentially treat hair loss.
4 citations
,
July 2022 in “Annals of translational medicine” Scientists created complete hair-like structures by growing mouse skin cells together in a special gel.
9 citations
,
August 2017 in “Photochemistry and Photobiology” Red light at 627 nm can safely trigger IL-4 release in skin cells, potentially helping treat inflammatory skin conditions.
64 citations
,
August 2007 in “Artificial Organs” PHBV nanofiber matrices help wounds heal faster when used with hair follicle cells.
30 citations
,
July 1998 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Fat cells slow hair cell growth but speed up their development.
1 citations
,
January 2003 Merkel cells likely attract sensory nerve fibers.
January 2000 in “Neuroscience Research” 
7 citations
,
December 2015 in “Experimental Dermatology” Sh-Polypeptide 9 may be better than minoxidil for hair growth and protection against damage.
June 2020 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Scientists successfully grew mini hair follicles using human skin cells, which could help treat baldness.
68 citations
,
March 2008 in “Experimental dermatology” The new assay can track and measure melanosome transfer between skin cells, confirming filopodia's role in this process.
11 citations
,
August 1995 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” 
4 citations
,
August 2017 in “Cosmetics” The extract reduced sebum production and promoted hair growth.
2 citations
,
January 2019 in “Methods in molecular biology” A new method helps grow skin cells from humans and mice more easily and quickly.
3 citations
,
September 2018 in “Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition” Different materials affect the growth of brain cells and fibroblasts, with matrigel being best for brain cell growth.
7 citations
,
June 2021 in “Cell Proliferation” Low oxygen levels improve the function of hair and skin cells when they are in direct contact.
August 2026 in “Regenerative Biomaterials” This review discusses the limitations of conventional animal models and two-dimensional cultures in studying cutaneous pigmentary disorders such as vitiligo, melasma, post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, and solar/senile lentigines. It evaluates advanced in vitro models, including ex vivo explants, co-cultures, three-dimensional skin equivalents, bioprinted constructs, organoids, and skin-on-a-chip platforms. These models are assessed based on their ability to replicate human pigmentation processes, disease-specific pathological processes, and their potential for mechanistic studies and therapeutic evaluation. The review highlights challenges such as vascular and immune integration, long-term stability, and regulatory acceptance, emphasizing the need for improved models within the framework of New Approach Methodologies.
In vitro methods are crucial for developing effective and humane cosmetic ingredients.