65 citations
,
May 2006 in “Journal of Structural Biology” Hair curliness is due to uneven distribution of different cortices within the hair fiber.
March 2018 in “Journal of Experimental Biology” Hair curliness is caused by the arrangement and length of two different cell types.
16 citations
,
October 1992 in “Journal of cutaneous pathology” Bubble hair deformity may be caused by hair shaft trauma and can improve with gentle hair care.
4 citations
,
July 2010 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” Curved human hair has different structures on its convex and concave sides.
July 2009 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” Japanese women's curved hair has an uneven internal structure and varied amino acid composition.
January 2012 in “International Journal of Trichology” Two siblings have a rare genetic condition causing curly, coarse hair.
23 citations
,
July 1994 in “Journal of Dermatological Science” Pili torti hair twists due to uneven outer root sheath cell development.
2 citations
,
January 1987 in “PubMed” Woolly hair syndrome is a genetic condition causing frizzy, fragile hair.
55 citations
,
February 2014 in “Journal of Structural Biology” Human hair has a complex, variable structure with a consistent matrix and double-twist pattern.
9 citations
,
April 2019 in “Journal of Structural Biology” Keratin fibers in hair twist left-handed.
December 2025 in “Brazilian Journal of Hair Health” The Spiral Model helps understand hair growth changes with age and identify hair problems early.
19 citations
,
October 1985 in “British Journal of Dermatology” The document concludes that unruly hair can be congenital or acquired, often lacks specific treatments, and can be managed with oils and short hairstyles.
13 citations
,
October 2008 in “PubMed” Japanese women's curved hair has an uneven internal structure and varying amino acid composition.
March 2023 in “International Journal of Dermatology” COVID-19 can cause hair to become progressively kinked.
18 citations
,
January 2015 in “Journal of medical genetics” New genes linked to woolly hair have been found, which could help treat it and change hair texture.
February 2024 in “Journal of Dermatological Science” Curved hair can develop when hair cells merge abnormally during growth.
22 citations
,
January 1985 Water makes hair more flexible, especially the outer layer.
1 citations
,
July 1935 in “Nature” Animal hair can curl tightly on its own, especially in foxes, due to changes in keratin.
January 2006 in “Seibutsu Butsuri” Curly and straight hair differ in how their internal fibers are arranged.
7 citations
,
January 2012 in “International Journal of Trichology” A man with Woolly Hair Syndrome had very curly, fragile hair, and doctors used a special scalp examination to diagnose him without invasive tests.
1 citations
,
January 2025 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” Age-related hair curvature increases due to internal structural changes from grooming.
February 2019 in “PubMed” The research found that twisting hair fibers can show changes in stiffness and damage, and help tell apart different hair treatments.
1 citations
,
August 2015 in “PubMed” Human hair's strength comes from a honeycomb-like structure and macrofibrils.
15 citations
,
January 1998 Frequent blow-drying causes cracks and breakage in hair cuticles.
13 citations
,
January 2001 in “Pediatric dermatology” A dark-haired Chinese girl had hair that looked banded under certain light but was normal under a microscope.
November 2024 in “Journal of Microscopy” Human hair varies in structure based on curl type, with high curl hair showing the most differences.
28 citations
,
January 1985 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” A girl with citrullinemia developed pili torti, suggesting a link between the hair condition and the metabolic disorder.
10 citations
,
December 2021 in “Frontiers in cell and developmental biology” The research identified genes that explain why some sheep have curly wool and others have straight wool.
Curly wool has more orthocortex than straight wool.
January 1961 in “The Journal of Anthropological Society of Nippon” Hair form in mixed-blood families varies due to hereditary twist-knots and pigment formation.