58 citations
,
November 2004 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” The Foxn1 gene is essential for normal nail and hair development.
82 citations
,
January 2006 in “International review of cytology” Vertebrate skin evolved to be more specialized and complex, especially in land animals.
January 2017 in “대한미용학회지” The cuticle layer in hair follicles thickens during keratinization due to incomplete cytosol loss.
19 citations
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March 2013 in “Biology Letters” Early tetrapod keratins evolved into toe pad proteins in amphibians and hair proteins in mammals.
26 citations
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August 2007 in “Annals of Anatomy - Anatomischer Anzeiger” Feathers become harder as they develop due to a change in keratin type.
81 citations
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June 2012 in “European journal of human genetics” Inherited ichthyoses cause widespread skin scaling and thickening due to gene mutations.
August 1969 in “Archives of Dermatology” After calciphylaxis, rats showed incomplete skin and hair regeneration, resembling scar tissue with fewer hairs.
11 citations
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January 1977 in “Archives of dermatological research” Mouse tail skin has different keratinization near hair follicles and scales.
17 citations
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January 2013 in “Journal of Cutaneous Pathology” The onychodermis helps anchor the nail bed and may aid in nail formation.
1 citations
,
July 2023 in “Journal of developmental biology” Bird foot scales develop differently and can repair but not fully regenerate due to the lack of specialized stem cell areas.
86 citations
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April 2009 in “Journal of anatomy” Hard skin features like scales, feathers, and hair evolved through specific protein changes in different animal groups.
10 citations
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May 1994 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”
13 citations
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June 2010 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” A man with Cronkhite-Canada syndrome had all 20 nails detach but improved with treatment.
14 citations
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February 2014 in “Experimental Cell Research” The conclusion is that teeth, hair, and claws have similar stem cell niches, which are important for growth and repair, and more research is needed on their regulation and potential markers.
April 2018 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” The keratin network in mouse skin changes during cornification and affects the skin's protective barrier.
August 2023 in “Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology” Onycholemmal horn is a rare nail tumor in elderly women, treated by surgical removal.
35 citations
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September 2004 in “American Journal of Dermatopathology” A rare nail bed cancer was successfully treated with no recurrence after 4 years.
6 citations
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October 2006 in “International Journal of Dermatology” Hair splitting and nail detachment are linked conditions.
28 citations
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June 1995 in “The Journal of Dermatology” The flaky skin mouse mutation is a natural model for studying human psoriasis.
4 citations
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April 2012 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Krt16-deficient mice help understand skin disorders like PC and FNEPPK.
2 citations
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June 2003 in “American Journal of Dermatopathology” A unique case of skin cancer showed unusual calcification, possibly linked to calcium-binding proteins.
June 2025 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Nail abnormalities in children can indicate deeper health issues.
59 citations
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August 1981 in “PubMed” Trichilemmal keratinization is a unique process in hair follicles where the outer root sheath turns into keratin without a specific layer.
12 citations
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December 1965 in “Immunology and Cell Biology” Mild skin injury can trigger mineral deposits in rat skin, even without full calciphylactic response.
September 1998 in “Journal of The European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology” Old people's nails often have problems due to body changes, more diseases, and self-care difficulties, affecting their movement and hand use.
28 citations
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September 2013 in “European Journal of Histochemistry” Keratins in Malayan pangolins vary by region, suggesting scales evolved from the tail towards the head.
November 2025 in “Indian Dermatology Online Journal” Clouston syndrome can lead to skin cancer, so monitoring is crucial.
24 citations
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March 2008 in “Neuroscience Research” Cat paws have complex touch sensors for detailed sensory processing.
8 citations
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September 1981 in “Zentralblatt für Veterinärmedizin Reihe A” Biotin deficiency in pigs causes hair loss, skin issues, and weak claws.
4 citations
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June 2014 in “The Journal of Dermatology” Elkonyxis, a rare nail condition, improved when patients stopped their nail-picking habits.