50 citations
,
November 2020 in “Physiology & behavior” People with depression often have higher hair cortisol levels, while those with PTSD tend to have lower levels, but more research is needed to understand this fully.
16 citations
,
March 2013 in “Clinica Chimica Acta” Cortisol and cortisone release from hair increases in steps over time during incubation.
11 citations
,
September 2020 in “Steroids” A new method accurately measures steroid hormones in a few hair strands and could help study chronic stress and hair loss.
January 2026 in “Western Journal of Nursing Research” Hair cortisol levels don't reliably indicate chronic stress in people with multiple sclerosis.
11 citations
,
May 2020 in “Frontiers in psychiatry” Child abuse is linked to higher BMI, but not because of hair cortisol or cortisone levels.
April 2025 in “Medical Journal of Babylon” Copeptin and cortisol levels are higher in alopecia areata patients, suggesting they could help diagnose and manage the condition.
199 citations
,
July 2007 in “General and Comparative Endocrinology” Hair cortisol can reliably indicate chronic stress in cats and dogs.
151 citations
,
December 2004 in “Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences” Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia is a genetic disorder with two forms, causing symptoms like early puberty and severe acne, but can be identified through screening and treated with glucocorticoids.
149 citations
,
June 2002 in “Veterinary record/The veterinary record” Trilostane effectively improved symptoms in dogs with a certain adrenal gland disorder.
69 citations
,
May 2016 in “General and Comparative Endocrinology” External factors can significantly affect hair cortisol levels, so it's not always a reliable stress marker.
49 citations
,
April 2016 in “International journal of molecular sciences” Shift nurses show altered body temperature and stress hormone levels, suggesting their body clocks adjust to irregular schedules.
46 citations
,
August 1990 in “The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Journal of clinical endocrinology & metabolism” Ketoconazole reduced hair growth and improved acne in women, but caused side effects needing careful monitoring.
25 citations
,
January 2022 in “Endocrine journal” Long COVID patients may have hormonal imbalances linked to their symptoms.
24 citations
,
November 2016 in “Molecular Medicine Reports” Hormonal imbalances, often indicating conditions like PCOS, are common in women with hard-to-treat acne, and a treatment approach addressing these imbalances may be needed.
23 citations
,
March 2009 in “Skin Pharmacology and Physiology” Hair loss in men and women is linked to high stress hormone levels and other hormonal imbalances, suggesting treatments should be customized to each person's hormones.
19 citations
,
August 1999 in “European journal of endocrinology” The study concluded that testing hormone levels after stimulation is not reliable for identifying carriers of 21-hydroxylase deficiency; genetic testing is necessary.
16 citations
,
May 1998 in “International Journal of Dermatology” Stress hormones like cortisol may trigger psoriasis flare-ups.
11 citations
,
April 2020 in “Animals” Moving horses to new places can increase their stress levels, as shown by higher stress hormone in their hair.
7 citations
,
October 2020 in “INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH” Stress worsens symptoms and body changes in women with PCOS, especially during COVID-19.
5 citations
,
May 2017 in “Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology” The study found no significant difference in stress hormone levels between people with alopecia areata and healthy individuals, suggesting that the disease is not caused by an overactive stress response system.
5 citations
,
April 2011 in “The Lancet” Untreated congenital adrenal hyperplasia can lead to complications like stroke and needs glucocorticoid treatment.
2 citations
,
June 2020 in “AIDS” Recreational drug use can cause misdiagnosed conditions and drug interactions in HIV patients.
1 citations
,
December 2021 in “American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology” Hair cortisol levels peak in the third trimester and decline postpartum.
January 2026 in “Neuroscience Applied” Hair cortisol levels decrease as children age, stabilizing around age 4.
November 2022 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A boy with a new NR5A1 gene mutation has a sex development disorder without affecting his adrenal glands.
July 2021 in “Advances in laboratory medicine” Diagnosing sex development disorders requires combining medical history, physical exams, imaging, lab tests, and genetic data.
Hair cortisol may help identify adrenal insufficiency in sickle cell disease patients.
Distal hair cortisol is not a reliable measure of early pregnancy cortisol levels.
44 citations
,
February 2016 in “Zoology” Hair cortisol levels in primates are useful for stress assessment but vary by age, sex, species, and hair collection methods.
24 citations
,
October 2018 in “Addiction Biology” Alcohol dependence affects stress hormone levels more than childhood maltreatment.