56 citations
,
May 2021 in “Journal of infection/The Journal of infection” Most hospitalized COVID-19 patients had long-term symptoms like fatigue and hair loss, with women and those sicker during hospitalization at higher risk.
April 2023 in “American Journal of Transplantation” Hormone replacement therapy may lower the risk of severe COVID-19 outcomes in non-immunosuppressed people and male organ transplant recipients.
67 citations
,
May 2020 in “Dermatologic Therapy” COVID-19 can cause skin changes, possibly from the virus, drugs, or lifestyle changes.
1 citations
,
October 2025 in “Journal of the American Society of Nephrology” COVID-19 vaccination may cause kidney inflammation, treatable with steroids and Cellcept.
September 2020 in “Annals of the National Academy of Medical Sciences. India” COVID-19 can cause skin issues like "COVID toes," rashes, hair loss, and hand eczema, and dermatologists are important for recognizing these signs.
32 citations
,
July 2020 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” AGA linked to worse COVID-19 outcomes in men.
October 2021 in “Nepal journal of dermatology, venereology & leprology” COVID-19 can cause skin problems directly or from using protective gear and sanitizers, and knowing this can help treat patients better.
68 citations
,
May 2021 in “Endocrine” People with diabetes or obesity should manage their conditions carefully as they have a higher risk of severe COVID-19.
2 citations
,
March 2023 in “Shiraz E-Medical Journal” Long COVID affects many survivors, showing the need for ongoing care.
COVID-19 vaccines are generally safe for people with lupus, though some may experience mild flare symptoms.
26 citations
,
August 2020 in “Dermatology Research and Practice” COVID-19 can cause various skin problems, including reactions to protective gear and medication, with different rates reported worldwide, and more research is needed to fully understand these skin issues.
15 citations
,
August 2021 in “Reviews in endocrine and metabolic disorders” COVID-19 and hypopituitarism (reduced pituitary gland function) are linked, with the latter's related health issues potentially worsening COVID-19 outcomes, and COVID-19 possibly increasing risk for pituitary complications.
3 citations
,
September 2021 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” Androgens and a high-fat diet may increase the risk of severe COVID-19 in women with PCOS by upregulating certain proteins in the heart and kidneys.
February 2021 in “International Journal of Research in Dermatology” COVID-19 can cause skin symptoms that might help spot the virus early, and treatments for it can also affect the skin.
9 citations
,
November 2021 in “Infectious Agents and Cancer” Androgen deprivation therapy doesn't lower the risk of death from COVID-19 in prostate cancer patients.
7 citations
,
June 2022 in “Biology” Men with more CAG repeats in the androgen receptor gene and lower testosterone levels may experience more severe COVID-19.
6 citations
,
September 2020 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” Severe male balding may increase the risk of serious COVID-19, and treatments that reduce androgens or block a specific enzyme might help protect these individuals.
6 citations
,
July 2020 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” Hair loss link to severe COVID-19 unclear.
2 citations
,
August 2020 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” High incidence of hair loss found in COVID-19 patients, but no severity correlation established.
January 2023 in “Journal of men's health” Higher dihydrotestosterone may be linked to more inflammation in COVID-19 patients with low testosterone.
November 2020 in “Journal of Bioengineering and Technology Apllied for Health” COVID-19 affects multiple body systems and complicates treatment; accurate testing is crucial.
7 citations
,
July 2020 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” Skin symptoms linked to COVID-19 are hard to confirm, and more testing is needed to identify which are truly caused by the virus.
8 citations
,
May 2021 in “Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology” A COVID-19 patient had unusual nail discoloration and nail separation possibly due to the virus's effects on small blood vessels.
1 citations
,
August 2025 in “Biomedicines” Most COVID-19 survivors developed post-acute symptoms, especially if they had been in the ICU, but the severity of initial infection didn't predict these symptoms.
December 2020 in “Dermatology archives” Some COVID-19 pneumonia patients in Veracruz, Mexico, had skin issues, with reversible hair loss linked to disease severity.
19 citations
,
March 2022 in “Journal of Infection” Canakinumab's effect on COVID-19 outcomes is unclear.
18 citations
,
October 2020 in “Radiation Research” Some drugs may help treat both COVID-19 and radiation injury.
9 citations
,
January 2020 in “Critical Reviews in Immunology” MAIT cells may help fight COVID-19 but also contribute to severe inflammation.
November 2021 in “Open Forum Infectious Diseases” Some COVID-19 pneumonia patients in Veracruz, Mexico had rare skin issues like temporary hair loss linked to disease severity.
26 citations
,
January 2020 in “Dermatology Online Journal” Certain skin rashes can indicate COVID-19 severity, with chilblains-like rashes linked to milder cases and livedoid patterns to more severe cases.