February 2013 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” Uncombable hair syndrome causes dry, frizzy hair that can't be combed flat, seen in a young child.
14 citations
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September 1968 in “Archives of Dermatology” Using hot combs can cause permanent hair loss on the scalp's crown.
February 2026 in “International Journal of Homoeopathic Sciences” Plica Polonica is a rare hair disorder causing severe matting, managed by detangling or cutting, and prevented with regular hair care.
29 citations
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September 1989 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” Abnormal scalp whorls can indicate brain development issues but may also be seen in neurologically normal people.
September 2016 in “Journal of Dermatological Science” Björnstad syndrome causes twisted hair from birth.
4 citations
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November 2016 in “The Journal of Dermatology” Pili torti hair is fragile due to loose keratin filaments and weak disulfide bonds.
4 citations
,
July 2010 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” Curved human hair has different structures on its convex and concave sides.
New methods to classify curly hair types were developed based on shape and strength.
February 2025 in “Brazilian Journal of Hair Health” The Brazilian candle flame technique can damage hair by melting the cuticle and exposing the cortex.
4 citations
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January 2017 in “Annals of Dermatology” Frequent hairdryer use may worsen hair fragility in people with Pili Annulati.
1 citations
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January 2025 in “Head & Neck” The snail flap technique is an easy, reliable, and hair-preserving method for scalp reconstruction, especially good for elderly or frail patients.
55 citations
,
November 2010 in “Development” Hair follicles in mutant mice self-organize into ordered patterns within a week.
6 citations
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December 2011 in “Clinical and Experimental Dermatology” A woman developed rare, unexplained curly hair on her scalp and eyelashes.
16 citations
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July 2006 in “International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery” The triple rotation scalp flap technique successfully reconstructed a man's scalp with natural-looking hair growth and minimal scarring.
13 citations
,
July 1973 in “Archives of dermatology” Tight cornrow braids may cause hair loss.
13 citations
,
October 2008 in “PubMed” Japanese women's curved hair has an uneven internal structure and varying amino acid composition.
A wavy two-layer closure in hair transplants makes scars nearly invisible for most patients.
2 citations
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January 1995 in “Nihon Keshouhin Gijutsushakaishi/Journal of S C C./Nihon Keshouhin Gijutsushakai kaishi” Ethyl Carbitol is the best at preventing split ends in permed hair.
April 2023 in “Han'gug miyong haghoeji/Journal of the Korean society of cosmetology” Direct heat perms cause more damage to hair than softening heat perms.
28 citations
,
January 1985 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” A girl with citrullinemia developed pili torti, suggesting a link between the hair condition and the metabolic disorder.
1 citations
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July 1935 in “Nature” Animal hair can curl tightly on its own, especially in foxes, due to changes in keratin.
1 citations
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January 2016 in “Journal of cosmetology & trichology” Trichoscopy helped diagnose and treat a child's fungal scalp infection by spotting specific hair shapes.
December 2025 in “Brazilian Journal of Hair Health” The Spiral Model helps understand hair growth changes with age and identify hair problems early.
November 2024 in “Journal of Microscopy” Human hair varies in structure based on curl type, with high curl hair showing the most differences.
15 citations
,
December 1972 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”
January 1961 in “The Journal of Anthropological Society of Nippon” Hair form in mixed-blood families varies due to hereditary twist-knots and pigment formation.
65 citations
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May 2006 in “Journal of Structural Biology” Hair curliness is due to uneven distribution of different cortices within the hair fiber.
January 2024 in “World Congress on Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, September 7 - 12, 2009, Munich, Germany” Polisorbate 20 is not suitable for curl creams due to instability.
A new system for classifying curly hair types using precise measurements can improve hair care products and cultural inclusion.
January 2006 in “Seibutsu Butsuri” Curly and straight hair differ in how their internal fibers are arranged.