3 citations
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January 2015 in “Mathematical problems in engineering” Hair damage increases significantly with higher temperatures and longer heating times.
3 citations
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July 2003 in “PubMed” The research found a way to measure hair surface changes by analyzing how light reflects off of it, and determined hair cuticle angles vary by hair length and color.
1 citations
,
November 2023 in “Cosmetics” Surfactants damage hair, but sealing the cuticle can prevent this.
December 2025 in “Biopolymers” Heat worsens damage in chemically treated hair, especially bleached and straightened hair.
March 1997 in “Medical Molecular Morphology” Zinc deficiency causes early scalp hair damage that recovers slower than skin symptoms.
December 2021 in “Journal of natural fibers” The conclusion is that new methods for isolating hair cuticle cells and removing the cuticle layer are effective and convenient.
January 2003 in “Research Portal (King's College London)” Hair color affects light reflection, with black hair having higher cuticle angles and lighter hair showing less specular reflection.
67 citations
,
December 1990 in “The journal of cell biology/The Journal of cell biology” Researchers found genes for cysteine-rich proteins that form the protective layer of hair in humans and sheep.
27 citations
,
May 2019 in “Cosmetics” The hair cuticle is made of tough proteins that protect the hair, but more research is needed to fully understand its structure.
17 citations
,
February 1987 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” The hair cuticle acts as a barrier against fungal infection, which occurs only deep within the hair follicle.
3 citations
,
March 2009 in “Hirosaki University Repository for Academic Resources (Hirosaki University)” Hirosaki hairless rats have sparse, twisted hair due to missing hair keratin genes.
1 citations
,
January 2018 in “Journal of microscopy and ultrastructure” The method can identify minerals in hair from water, and using coconut oil or conditioner can prevent mineral buildup.
1 citations
,
November 2003 in “Humana Press eBooks” AFM helps study hair surfaces for dermatology, cosmetics, and forensics.
May 2017 in “Journal of microscopy and ultrastructure” Water quality affects mineral content in hair, and coconut oil can protect against damage.
The research found that people's hair proteins vary, especially by ethnicity and body part, which could help identify individuals in forensic science.
The research found that people's hair proteins vary by individual and body part, with some differences between ethnic groups, which could help in forensics.
12 citations
,
January 1988 in “YAKUGAKU ZASSHI” Certain natural extracts can promote hair regrowth.
11 citations
,
May 2013 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” KRTAP10 proteins help form the hair shaft's tough outer layer by interacting with specific hair keratins.
1 citations
,
January 1992 in “DNA sequence” Researchers found a non-functional sheep keratin gene due to mutations.
10 citations
,
March 2005 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” Oxidation changes human hair by breaking down fats and forming new acidic groups, affecting how it interacts with conditioners and cosmetics.
February 2020 in “The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan” 15 citations
,
January 1991 in “Mammalian Genome” 6 citations
,
April 2005 in “Journal of dermatological science” The study found nine new hair protein genes in human hair follicles.
35 citations
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September 1994 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” November 2022 in “International journal of trichology” Glyoxylic acid straighteners cause more protein loss but have similar hair strength effects as traditional alkaline straighteners.
January 2008 in “Medical Entomology and Zoology” 248 citations
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April 1988 in “Differentiation” Human and bovine hair follicles have distinct cytokeratins specific to hair-forming cells.
117 citations
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August 2005 in “Ultramicroscopy” Human hair's strength and flexibility vary by ethnicity, damage, and treatment.
109 citations
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June 2000 in “Development” Notch pathway activation causes abnormal hair layer development.
98 citations
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December 1991 in “Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences” Keratin gene regulation is similar across mammals, affecting hair follicle differentiation.