Hair germ cells differ from epidermal cells in keratin expression, and specific keratins form after hair differentiation.
51 citations
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January 2007 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Scientists discovered a unique hair protein, KAP24.1, with a special structure, found only in the upper part of hair cuticles.
272 citations
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September 2001 in “Journal of Biological Chemistry” Human hair keratins were cataloged, showing their roles in hair differentiation stages.
70 citations
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February 2007 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” K39 and K40 are the last keratins expressed in hair development, completing the hair keratin catalog.
30 citations
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April 2009 in “Mycoses” Microsporum gypseum fungus breaks down keratin in hair by digesting it enzymatically, starting with less keratinized parts.
4 citations
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January 2000 Piedraia hortae fungi dissolve both the outer and inner layers of hair.
January 2025 in “Journal of Raman Spectroscopy” Polarized Raman spectra can reveal changes in hair keratin's protein structures.
April 2024 in “Advances in Redox Research” Human hair strength and health are linked to sulfur compounds that can be reduced by stress but improved with sulfur supplements.
The research found that people's hair proteins vary, especially by ethnicity and body part, which could help identify individuals in forensic science.
The research found that people's hair proteins vary by individual and body part, with some differences between ethnic groups, which could help in forensics.
93 citations
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July 2006 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” K25, K27, and K28 are found in all inner root sheath layers of hair, while K26 is only in the cuticle.
73 citations
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May 2009 in “Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences” Disrupting the Sox21 gene in mice causes hair loss and regrowth cycles.
24 citations
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November 2015 in “Scientific reports” Human hair has a new region with ordered filaments and the cuticle contains β-keratin sheets.
19 citations
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January 2009 in “International review of cell and molecular biology” Hair's strength and flexibility come from its protein structure and molecular interactions.
30 citations
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September 2018 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” Bleaching hair causes severe structural and chemical damage, including protein loss and oxidation.
30 citations
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July 2000 in “PubMed” Hair has unevenly distributed proteins and lipids, with lipids mainly in the cuticle and proteins in the cortex and medulla.
19 citations
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May 2008 in “Applied spectroscopy” Human hair has different protein structures in its cuticle and cortex.
13 citations
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March 2019 in “Journal of cosmetic dermatology” Heat damages hair, with Asian hair losing more protein than Caucasian hair.
12 citations
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July 2016 in “Forensic science international” The research found that postmortem root bands in hair are likely caused by the breakdown of a specific part of the hair's inner structure after death.
10 citations
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December 2001 in “PubMed” The conclusion is that substances can penetrate hair fibers through multiple pathways, including both the cell membrane complex and the non-keratinous parts.
3 citations
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October 1994 in “Journal of Dermatological Science” The new antibody, TYHF-1, specifically targets certain hair-related structures.
2 citations
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October 2022 in “Journal of structural biology” Older thin hair is not just thinner but also has different shape, structure, and stiffness.
January 2026 in “International Journal of Biological Macromolecules” Small KP peptide improves hair without reducing agents, while larger proteins need them for better results.
January 2013 in “Sen'i Gakkaishi” Microfibrils are key for permanent waves, and hydrolyzed keratin improves wave formation and hair condition.
31 citations
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December 2010 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” Loose anagen hair syndrome is caused by structural abnormalities in the hair follicle's inner root sheath.
December 2025 in “The American Journal of Medical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Research” Ultrasonic and infrared treatments can improve hair strength and appearance with minimal damage.
November 2017 in “Koubunshi rombunshuu/Kōbunshi ronbunshū” Hematin in shampoo helps repair and straighten damaged hair.
21 citations
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April 1982 in “Genetics Research” Mice with the naked gene have missing or abnormal hair cells.
18 citations
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November 2010 in “Journal of morphology” Antler velvet hair and body hair of red deer have different structures that help with protection and insulation.
17 citations
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June 2012 in “Journal of experimental zoology. Part B, Molecular and developmental evolution” Hair in mammals likely evolved from glandular structures, not scales.