10 citations
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January 2010 in “International journal of trichology” Keratin-associated proteins are part of the developing hair fiber cuticle.
6 citations
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December 2018 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” CARB is a strong barrier in human hair that prevents dye penetration.
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July 2003 in “PubMed” The research found a way to measure hair surface changes by analyzing how light reflects off of it, and determined hair cuticle angles vary by hair length and color.
1 citations
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October 2017 in “ecancermedicalscience” Breast cancer alters specific molecular structures in hair, which revert after cancer removal.
March 1997 in “Medical Molecular Morphology” Zinc deficiency causes early scalp hair damage that recovers slower than skin symptoms.
December 2021 in “Journal of natural fibers” The conclusion is that new methods for isolating hair cuticle cells and removing the cuticle layer are effective and convenient.
January 2003 in “Research Portal (King's College London)” Hair color affects light reflection, with black hair having higher cuticle angles and lighter hair showing less specular reflection.
August 1985 in “Proceedings ... annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America/Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America” Hair dye can damage dog hair and cause health issues.
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May 2019 in “Cosmetics” The hair cuticle is made of tough proteins that protect the hair, but more research is needed to fully understand its structure.
17 citations
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February 1987 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” The hair cuticle acts as a barrier against fungal infection, which occurs only deep within the hair follicle.
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March 2009 in “Hirosaki University Repository for Academic Resources (Hirosaki University)” Hirosaki hairless rats have sparse, twisted hair due to missing hair keratin genes.
1 citations
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November 2003 in “Humana Press eBooks” AFM helps study hair surfaces for dermatology, cosmetics, and forensics.
January 2025 in “Journal of Raman Spectroscopy” Polarized Raman spectra can reveal changes in hair keratin's protein structures.
Prussian Blue causes hair cuticles to detach, weakening the hair.
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May 2009 in “Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences” Disrupting the Sox21 gene in mice causes hair loss and regrowth cycles.
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January 1988 in “YAKUGAKU ZASSHI” Certain natural extracts can promote hair regrowth.
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May 2013 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” KRTAP10 proteins help form the hair shaft's tough outer layer by interacting with specific hair keratins.
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January 1992 in “DNA sequence” Researchers found a non-functional sheep keratin gene due to mutations.
February 2020 in “The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan” 15 citations
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January 1991 in “Mammalian Genome” 6 citations
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April 2005 in “Journal of dermatological science” The study found nine new hair protein genes in human hair follicles.
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September 1994 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” November 2022 in “International journal of trichology” Glyoxylic acid straighteners cause more protein loss but have similar hair strength effects as traditional alkaline straighteners.
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April 1988 in “Differentiation” Human and bovine hair follicles have distinct cytokeratins specific to hair-forming cells.
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August 2005 in “Ultramicroscopy” Human hair's strength and flexibility vary by ethnicity, damage, and treatment.
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June 2000 in “Development” Notch pathway activation causes abnormal hair layer development.
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December 1991 in “Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences” Keratin gene regulation is similar across mammals, affecting hair follicle differentiation.
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December 2007 in “Acta materialia” AFM helped show how hair changes under tension and the effects of damage and conditioner.
75 citations
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November 1965 in “Textile research journal” Papain and bisulfite break down human hair by dissolving parts of it.