2 citations
,
September 2021 in “Universal Journal of Pharmaceutical Research” PCOS is linked to hormone disorders and issues like infertility and irregular periods.
May 2021 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Transgender females can reach their target estrogen levels using estradiol patches, especially if oral treatments fail or if they're at risk for blood clots. Often, the highest dose patch is needed.
29 citations
,
October 2020 in “Environmental health perspectives” Five preservatives may disrupt hormone function and need more health and environmental risk assessment.
October 2025 in “Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)” Hormonal imbalances in women can cause acne, excess hair growth, and hair loss, needing combined medical and mental health care.
Nipple area expansion in mice needs both pregnancy hormones and mechanical strain.
39 citations
,
August 2004 in “International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics” Finasteride and CPA-EE2 equally reduce hirsutism, but affect hormone levels differently.
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affects about 10% of women, is often linked to obesity and family history, and can cause irregular periods, fertility issues, and other symptoms. It's usually managed with lifestyle changes, weight loss, and medication.
Women with androgenetic alopecia have normal levels of most blood steroids and binding proteins, but higher dehydroepiandrosterone. Some also have low "sex hormone-binding globulin" and "corticosteroide-binding globulin" capacity, and high "free androgen index" and "free cortisol index". Diane treatment can normalize these levels and improve hair conditions.
64 citations
,
January 1985 in “Clinical endocrinology” A combination of desogestrel and ethinyl oestradiol effectively reduces hair growth in hirsute women.
1 citations
,
September 2024 in “Journal of Clinical & Translational Endocrinology” PCOS women have more severe metabolic issues and higher androgen levels than hyperandrogenic women without PCOS.
October 2023 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Estetrol helps keep scalp hair in the growth phase longer and improves hair follicle health by affecting the hair root and increasing stem cells.
November 2022 in “Scientific Reports” Certain ESR1 gene variations may affect hormone levels and fat distribution in women with high male hormone levels.
352 citations
,
January 2006 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Most women referred for excess male hormone symptoms had polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), with other conditions being less common.
4 citations
,
January 2025 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” Progesterone reduces anxiety and depression in female mice by increasing BDNF in the brain, needing 5α-reduction and estradiol.
4 citations
,
January 1991 in “Journal of dermatological treatment” Goserelin and oestradiol treatment slightly improved hairiness but did not significantly change sebum production or hair characteristics in mildly hirsute women.
3 citations
,
April 2010 in “The FASEB Journal” Estrogen and MLL enzymes work together to regulate genes important for hair growth and leukemia.
104 citations
,
January 2005 in “Climacteric” Drospirenone is a unique progestin with anti-water retention and potential blood pressure benefits, used in birth control and hormone therapy.
3 citations
,
April 2017 in “Clinical Drug Investigation” The study found that prescribing patterns for Cyproterone Acetate/Ethinylestradiol in Italy did not significantly change after EMA recommendations.
12 citations
,
October 2004 in “Experimental Gerontology” Changes in testosterone and estrogen receptor genes can affect how men age, influencing body fat, hair patterns, and possibly leading to skin disorders.
August 2022 in “Metabolic Brain Disease” Ferulic acid may help control menstrual cycle-related epilepsy by affecting female hormones.
2 citations
,
November 2025 in “Journal of Ovarian Research” Reducing granulosa cell pyroptosis may improve oocyte maturation in PCOS.
December 2023 in “Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Development” PCOS is a complex disorder needing lifestyle changes, support, and treatment, with new herbal treatments showing promise.
2 citations
,
January 1975 in “Archives of Dermatological Research” Certain enzymes react strongly with some hormones in rat skin during hair growth, mainly in sebaceous glands and hair sheaths.
May 2022 in “Endocrine Abstracts” Cyproterone acetate therapy improved hair loss and reduced testosterone levels in a menopausal woman.
January 2024 in “International journal of molecular sciences” A brain-made hormone can protect against memory-related brain damage caused by harmful proteins.
11 citations
,
July 2014 in “Clinical Rheumatology” Cyclophosphamide often causes gastrointestinal issues, hair loss, and low blood cell counts in Chinese patients with autoimmune diseases.
20 citations
,
July 2009 in “Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes” Cyclosporin A does not change sex hormone levels.
1 citations
,
January 2000 in “PubMed” The treatment slightly increased hair growth and was safe for most women.
19 citations
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October 2018 in “Medicine” Oriental herbal medicine with moxibustion may improve pregnancy rates and other symptoms in PCOS, but more high-quality research is needed.
135 citations
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August 1994 in “Clinical Endocrinology” Most women with hirsutism or androgenic alopecia had polycystic ovaries, especially if they had irregular periods.