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March 2002 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Estrogen increases blood vessel growth factor production, while testosterone blocks this increase.
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August 1994 in “Clinical Endocrinology” Most women with hirsutism or androgenic alopecia had polycystic ovaries, especially if they had irregular periods.
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July 2022 in “BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology” Some birth control pills increase young women's risk of blood clots more than others.
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April 2008 in “Therapeutics and clinical risk management” The birth control combination of ethinylestradiol and drospirenone helps treat symptoms of polycystic ovary syndrome.
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December 1971 in “PubMed” 20 citations
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June 1985 in “Toxicologic Pathology” Some steroid-induced health issues in rodents improved after stopping treatment, but hair loss and eye problems did not.
May 2021 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Adolescents with PCOS have higher levels of certain androgens, which are linked to hair growth but don't help diagnose PCOS better than testosterone levels.
November 2023 in “International journal of reproduction, contraception, obstetrics and gynecology” Polycystic ovary syndrome causes high male hormone levels, leading to symptoms like excess hair, acne, and fertility problems.
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October 1986 in “International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics” The contraceptive reduced hair growth and altered hormone levels in hirsute women.
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April 1990 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” The ovary mainly causes high testosterone in PCO, while the adrenal gland is the main source in IH.
COCs can improve acne but may cause skin issues like cholasma; high estrogen is advised for hair loss concerns.
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March 2008 in “Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift/Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift” Adding estrogen increased bone mass in a transsexual man undergoing hormone therapy.
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May 2007 in “Journal of Endocrinology” Synthetic 19-norprogestins promote bone cell growth and function through their non-phenolic metabolites.
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May 2017 in “The journal of sexual medicine” Cyproterone acetate treatment is safe and causes mild feminization, which increases with added estrogen.
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December 2012 in “International journal of endocrinology and metabolism/International journal of endocrinology and metabolism.” Oral contraceptives provide various health benefits beyond birth control, including managing menstrual issues, skin conditions, pain, and reducing the risk of certain cancers.
October 2025 in “Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)” Hormonal imbalances in women can cause acne, excess hair growth, and hair loss, needing combined medical and mental health care.
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July 1974 in “The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Journal of clinical endocrinology & metabolism” Cyproterone acetate combined with ethinyl estradiol significantly reduced hirsutism in women.
January 2002 in “NCSU Libraries Repository (North Carolina State University Libraries)” 17b-Estradiol in skin affects hair growth and tumor promotion.
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March 2017 in “Development” Estrogen is important for keeping adult mouse nipple skin healthy by controlling certain cell signals.
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July 2001 in “APMIS. Acta pathologica, microbiologica et immunologica Scandinavica./APMIS” Estrogens are key for bone growth spurts in both boys and girls and affect growth into adulthood.
November 2023 in “L'Endocrinologo” Women with PCOS are more likely to experience sexual dysfunction, but lifestyle changes and weight loss can improve sexual function.
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July 2008 in “International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics” MPA improved hormonal imbalances and acne in women with PCOS without affecting metabolism.
January 1987 in “Journal of steroid biochemistry/Journal of Steroid Biochemistry” Norethisterone (jenapharm) therapy is effective for endometrial cancer.
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August 2014 in “International Journal of Women's Health” The estradiol valerate/dienogest oral contraceptive helps with heavy periods, may improve acne and symptoms in PCOS, and doesn't affect sexual function.
July 2013 in “e-Jurnal Medika Udayana” Estrogen helps promote hair growth in women with androgenetic alopecia.
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February 1977 in “American Journal of Veterinary Research” Increasing daylight to 16 hours in winter can make mares ovulate and cycle earlier.
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December 1970 in “European journal of endocrinology” Reversed sequential therapy with cyproterone acetate was effective for treating women with hirsutism and related conditions.
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January 1991 in “Journal of dermatological treatment” Goserelin and oestradiol treatment slightly improved hairiness but did not significantly change sebum production or hair characteristics in mildly hirsute women.