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Did you mean Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4?

GlossaryCyclin-Dependent Kinase 4

regulates cell cycle progression from G1 to S phase

Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4 (CDK4) is an enzyme that plays a crucial role in regulating the cell cycle, specifically the transition from the G1 phase to the S phase, where the cell prepares to replicate its DNA. It forms a complex with cyclin D, and this complex is essential for the progression of cells through the cell cycle, making it a key player in cell division and growth. Dysregulation of CDK4 activity is often associated with various cancers, as it can lead to uncontrolled cell proliferation.

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Fatigue, Alopecia, and Stomatitis Among Patients With Breast Cancer Receiving Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4 and 6 Inhibitors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

research Fatigue, alopecia and stomatitis among patients with breast cancer receiving cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 inhibitors: a systematic review and meta-analysis

28 citations , July 2017 in “Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy”

Breast cancer patients taking CDK4/6 inhibitors are more likely to experience fatigue, hair loss, and mouth sores.

research Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, p21waf1/cip1 and p27kip1, are expressed site- and hair cycle-dependently in rat hair follicles

9 citations , February 2001 in “Journal of Dermatological Science”

p21waf1/cip1 and p27kip1 help in hair follicle differentiation in rats.

Genetic Alteration of Cyclic Adenosine 3',5'-Monophosphate-Dependent Protein Kinase Subunit Expression Affects Calcium Currents and Beta-Endorphin Release in AtT-20 Clonal Pituitary Cells

research Genetic alteration of cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate-dependent protein kinase subunit expression affects calcium currents and beta-endorphin release in AtT-20 clonal pituitary cells.

August 1994 in “Molecular Endocrinology”

Changing protein kinase levels in pituitary cells affects calcium flow and beta-endorphin release.

research The Effect of EGR1 on the Proliferation of Dermal Papilla Cells

5 citations , July 2022 in “Genes”

Increasing EGR1 levels makes hair root cells grow faster.

Novel Small Molecules Downregulate CDK1 Expression and Inhibit Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Targeting Its Distinct Tumor-Specific Cellular Landscape

research Novel small molecules downregulate CDK1 expression and inhibit Wnt/β-catenin signaling in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma by targeting its distinct tumor-specific cellular landscape

September 2025 in “Experimental & Molecular Medicine”

Small molecules KY19382 and KY19334 may help treat skin cancer by reducing CDK1 levels and blocking harmful cell signals.

Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4/6 Inhibitors and Dermatologic Adverse Events: Results from the EADV Task Force Dermatology for Cancer Patients International Study

research Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4/6 Inhibitors and Dermatologic Adverse Events: Results from the EADV Task Force “Dermatology for Cancer Patients” International Study

1 citations , July 2023 in “Cancers”

Skin side effects from CDK4/6 inhibitors in breast cancer patients are generally mild and treatable, allowing most patients to continue treatment.

research Cyclin‐dependent kinase 4 expression alters the number of keratinocyte stem cells in the mouse hair follicle

1 citations , January 2022 in “Cell Biology International”

Changing CDK4 levels affects the number of stem cells in mouse hair follicles.

research Factors regulating quiescent stem cells: insights from the intestine and other self-renewing tissues

8 citations , December 2015 in “The Journal of Physiology”

The document concludes that stem cell inactivity is actively controlled and important for tissue repair and balance.

research Drug repurposing of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors for neutrophilic acute respiratory distress syndrome and psoriasis

8 citations , July 2024 in “Journal of Advanced Research”

CDK inhibitors may help treat ARDS and psoriasis but need more testing for safety and effectiveness.

research Effects of dihydrotestosterone on rat dermal papilla cells in vitro

19 citations , April 2015 in “European Journal of Pharmacology”

Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) doesn't affect rat skin cell growth, but it does change cell cycle, protein levels, and other cell functions, potentially shortening hair growth cycle.

research Abstract 3889: Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 levels affect the number of hair follicle stem cells in mouse epidermis

April 2010 in “Cancer Research”

CDK4 levels affect the number of hair follicle stem cells in mice.

research Understanding The Molecular Mechanisms Of Hair Follicle Stem Cell Quiescence And Genome Plasticity

August 2013 in “eCommons (Cornell University)”

Runx1 and CDK inhibitors help keep hair follicle stem cells inactive, affecting their future roles.

research 085 Coordinate expressions of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors and high sulfur protein in human hair follicles

June 1996 in “Journal of Dermatological Science”

P21Waf1/Cip1 Is Differentially Expressed in Epidermal Versus Follicular Melanocytes and Melanoma Cells and Is Phenotypically Regulated by UVB-Mediated Apoptosis

research 1272 p21Waf1/Cip1 is differentially expressed in epidermal versus follicular melanocytes and melanoma cells and is phenotypically regulated by UVB-mediated apoptosis

April 2023 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

The protein p21 is more abundant in normal skin cells than in melanoma cells and may help protect against melanoma, with UVB light affecting its levels.

research Tackling chemotherapy-induced alopecia

5 citations , January 2012 in “International journal of trichology”

Chemotherapy-induced hair loss is a major concern, but various treatments show promise in preventing and reversing it.

research Keratin 17 modulates hair follicle cycling in a TNFα-dependent fashion

169 citations , May 2006 in “Genes & Development”

Keratin 17 is crucial for normal hair growth by regulating hair cycle transitions with TNFα.

research Annotated Patent Selections

January 2000 in “Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents”

The document highlights various patents for new compounds with potential treatments for multiple diseases, including cancer, hormonal disorders, and diabetes.

The Critical Roles of Serum/Glucocorticoid-Regulated Kinase 3 (SGK3) in Hair Follicle Morphogenesis and Homeostasis

research The Critical Roles of Serum/Glucocorticoid-Regulated Kinase 3 (SGK3) in the Hair Follicle Morphogenesis and Homeostasis

9 citations , April 2006 in “American Journal of Pathology”

SGK3 is essential for proper hair growth and health.

XMU-MP-1 Induces Growth Arrest in a Model Human Mini-Organ and Antagonizes Cell Cycle-Dependent Paclitaxel Cytotoxicity

research XMU-MP-1 induces growth arrest in a model human mini-organ and antagonises cell cycle-dependent paclitaxel cytotoxicity

4 citations , September 2020 in “Cell division”

XMU-MP-1 stops cell growth in a human mini-organ and reduces the effectiveness of the chemotherapy drug paclitaxel.

research Two distinct signaling pathways in hair cycle induction: Stat3-dependent and -independent pathways

73 citations , November 2000 in “Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America”

There are two ways to start hair growth: one needs Stat3 and the other does not, but both need PI3K activation.

Hair Growth Promoting and Anticancer Effects of p21-Activated Kinase 1 (PAK1) Inhibitors Isolated from Different Parts of Alpinia Zerumbet

research Hair Growth Promoting and Anticancer Effects of p21-activated kinase 1 (PAK1) Inhibitors Isolated from Different Parts of Alpinia zerumbet

13 citations , January 2017 in “Molecules”

Compounds from Alpinia zerumbet may help with hair regrowth and cancer treatment by targeting PAK1.

research BUZZ: an essential gene for postinitiation root hair growth and a mediator of root architecture in Brachypodium distachyon

July 2023 in “New phytologist”

The BUZZ gene is important for root hair growth and overall root structure in the plant Brachypodium distachyon.

research Akt2 and SGK3 are both determinants of postnatal hair follicle development

24 citations , May 2009 in “The FASEB Journal”

Akt2 and SGK3 are both important for normal hair growth and development.

research Overcoming the Low Bioavailability of Apigenin: The Therapeutic Efficacy for Androgenetic Alopecia Through Topical Administration

November 2025 in “Food Science & Nutrition”

Apigenin may effectively promote hair growth for androgenetic alopecia when applied topically.

research Regulation of self-renewal in colorectal cancer cell models

December 2014 in “Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa (Consorci de Serveis Universitaris de Catalunya)”

Reducing SOX2 in colorectal cancer cells decreases tumor growth and self-renewal.

research Tribuloside acts on the PDE/cAMP/PKA pathway to enhance melanogenesis, melanocyte dendricity and melanosome transport

December 2023 in “Journal of ethnopharmacology”

Tribuloside can increase skin pigmentation by enhancing melanin production and distribution.

research Anti-Hair Loss Effect of Adenosine Is Exerted by cAMP Mediated Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway Stimulation via Modulation of Gsk3β Activity in Cultured Human Dermal Papilla Cells

March 2022 in “Molecules”

Adenosine can help treat hair loss by promoting hair growth.

research Cell Density-Dependent Upregulation of PDCD4 in Keratinocytes and Its Implications for Epidermal Homeostasis and Repair

10 citations , December 2015 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences”

PDCD4 is important for controlling skin cell growth and healing.

12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-Acetate Induces Apoptosis in Renal Epithelial Cells Through a Growth Signal Conflict Prevented by Activated Ras

research 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate Induces Apoptosis in Renal Epithelial Cells through a Growth Signal Conflict Which Is Prevented by Activated ras1

4 citations , January 2001 in “Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics”

Activated ras can protect kidney cells from a certain substance that causes cell death.

Retinoid-Mediated Stimulation of Steroid Sulfatase Activity in Myeloid Leukemic Cell Lines Requires RARα and RXR and Involves the Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase and ERK-MAP Kinase Pathways

research Retinoid-mediated stimulation of steroid sulfatase activity in myeloid leukemic cell lines requires RARα and RXR and involves the phosphoinositide 3-kinase and ERK-MAP kinase pathways

24 citations , September 2005 in “Journal of Cellular Biochemistry”

Retinoids increase steroid sulfatase activity in leukemia cells through RARα/RXR and involves certain pathways like phosphoinositide 3-kinase and ERK-MAP kinase.