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GlossaryCyclin-Dependent Kinase 2

regulates cell cycle progression by partnering with cyclins

Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2 (CDK2) is an enzyme that plays a crucial role in regulating the cell cycle, particularly during the transition from the G1 phase to the S phase, where the cell prepares to duplicate its DNA. It works by partnering with specific proteins called cyclins to ensure that cells divide correctly and at the right time, which is essential for normal growth and tissue repair.

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Fatigue, Alopecia, and Stomatitis Among Patients With Breast Cancer Receiving Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4 and 6 Inhibitors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

research Fatigue, alopecia and stomatitis among patients with breast cancer receiving cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 inhibitors: a systematic review and meta-analysis

28 citations , July 2017 in “Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy”

Breast cancer patients taking CDK4/6 inhibitors are more likely to experience fatigue, hair loss, and mouth sores.

Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4/6 Inhibitors and Dermatologic Adverse Events: Results from the EADV Task Force Dermatology for Cancer Patients International Study

research Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4/6 Inhibitors and Dermatologic Adverse Events: Results from the EADV Task Force “Dermatology for Cancer Patients” International Study

1 citations , July 2023 in “Cancers”

Skin side effects from CDK4/6 inhibitors in breast cancer patients are generally mild and treatable, allowing most patients to continue treatment.

research Drug repurposing of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors for neutrophilic acute respiratory distress syndrome and psoriasis

8 citations , July 2024 in “Journal of Advanced Research”

CDK inhibitors may help treat ARDS and psoriasis but need more testing for safety and effectiveness.

research Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, p21waf1/cip1 and p27kip1, are expressed site- and hair cycle-dependently in rat hair follicles

9 citations , February 2001 in “Journal of Dermatological Science”

p21waf1/cip1 and p27kip1 help in hair follicle differentiation in rats.

research Effects of dihydrotestosterone on rat dermal papilla cells in vitro

19 citations , April 2015 in “European Journal of Pharmacology”

Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) doesn't affect rat skin cell growth, but it does change cell cycle, protein levels, and other cell functions, potentially shortening hair growth cycle.

research Factors regulating quiescent stem cells: insights from the intestine and other self-renewing tissues

8 citations , December 2015 in “The Journal of Physiology”

The document concludes that stem cell inactivity is actively controlled and important for tissue repair and balance.

research Understanding The Molecular Mechanisms Of Hair Follicle Stem Cell Quiescence And Genome Plasticity

August 2013 in “eCommons (Cornell University)”

Runx1 and CDK inhibitors help keep hair follicle stem cells inactive, affecting their future roles.

research The Effect of EGR1 on the Proliferation of Dermal Papilla Cells

5 citations , July 2022 in “Genes”

Increasing EGR1 levels makes hair root cells grow faster.

XMU-MP-1 Induces Growth Arrest in a Model Human Mini-Organ and Antagonizes Cell Cycle-Dependent Paclitaxel Cytotoxicity

research XMU-MP-1 induces growth arrest in a model human mini-organ and antagonises cell cycle-dependent paclitaxel cytotoxicity

4 citations , September 2020 in “Cell division”

XMU-MP-1 stops cell growth in a human mini-organ and reduces the effectiveness of the chemotherapy drug paclitaxel.

Genetic Alteration of Cyclic Adenosine 3',5'-Monophosphate-Dependent Protein Kinase Subunit Expression Affects Calcium Currents and Beta-Endorphin Release in AtT-20 Clonal Pituitary Cells

research Genetic alteration of cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate-dependent protein kinase subunit expression affects calcium currents and beta-endorphin release in AtT-20 clonal pituitary cells.

August 1994 in “Molecular Endocrinology”

Changing protein kinase levels in pituitary cells affects calcium flow and beta-endorphin release.

research Cyclin‐dependent kinase 4 expression alters the number of keratinocyte stem cells in the mouse hair follicle

1 citations , January 2022 in “Cell Biology International”

Changing CDK4 levels affects the number of stem cells in mouse hair follicles.

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Inhibits Skin Renewal Through Inhibiting WNT-Dependent Lgr5+ Hair Follicle Stem Cell Activation in C57BL/6 Mice

research Type 2 Diabetic Mellitus Inhibits Skin Renewal through Inhibiting WNT-Dependent Lgr5+ Hair Follicle Stem Cell Activation in C57BL/6 Mice

6 citations , April 2022 in “Journal of diabetes research”

Type 2 diabetes slows down skin and hair renewal by blocking important stem cell activation in mice.

Novel Small Molecules Downregulate CDK1 Expression and Inhibit Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Targeting Its Distinct Tumor-Specific Cellular Landscape

research Novel small molecules downregulate CDK1 expression and inhibit Wnt/β-catenin signaling in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma by targeting its distinct tumor-specific cellular landscape

September 2025 in “Experimental & Molecular Medicine”

Small molecules KY19382 and KY19334 may help treat skin cancer by reducing CDK1 levels and blocking harmful cell signals.

research Anti-Acne Agents Attenuate FGFR2 Signal Transduction in Acne

65 citations , February 2009 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

Anti-acne medications may work by reducing the activity of a protein involved in acne development.

research Expression of Cyclooxygenase Isozymes During Morphogenesis and Cycling of Pelage Hair Follicles in Mouse Skin: Precocious Onset of the First Catagen Phase and Alopecia upon Cyclooxygenase-2 Overexpression

41 citations , September 2003 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Overexpression of COX-2 causes early hair loss in mice, but can be prevented with a COX-2 inhibitor.

research A novel therapeutic paradigm for patients with extensive alopecia areata

30 citations , May 2016 in “Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy”

New treatments targeting immune pathways show promise for severe hair loss but need more research for safety and effectiveness.

research STAT5 Activation in the Dermal Papilla Is Important for Hair Follicle Growth Phase Induction

32 citations , April 2016 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

STAT5 activation is crucial for starting the hair growth phase.

ATP-Competitive mTOR Kinase Inhibitors Delay Plant Growth by Triggering Early Differentiation of Meristematic Cells Without Developmental Patterning Change

research ATP-competitive mTOR kinase inhibitors delay plant growth by triggering early differentiation of meristematic cells but no developmental patterning change

161 citations , August 2013 in “Journal of experimental botany”

Certain inhibitors slow down plant growth by causing early cell specialization without changing the cell development pattern.

Hair Growth Promoting and Anticancer Effects of p21-Activated Kinase 1 (PAK1) Inhibitors Isolated from Different Parts of Alpinia Zerumbet

research Hair Growth Promoting and Anticancer Effects of p21-activated kinase 1 (PAK1) Inhibitors Isolated from Different Parts of Alpinia zerumbet

13 citations , January 2017 in “Molecules”

Compounds from Alpinia zerumbet may help with hair regrowth and cancer treatment by targeting PAK1.

research Nuclear Factor I-C Regulates TGF-β-dependent Hair Follicle Cycling*

25 citations , August 2010 in “Journal of Biological Chemistry”

Nuclear Factor I-C is important for controlling hair growth by affecting the TGF-β1 pathway.

research Discovery and Optimization of Novel Pyridines as Highly Potent and Selective Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 Inhibitors

October 2019

New pyridine compounds effectively inhibit GSK3, a diabetes treatment target.

Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Promotes the Growth of Mink Hair Follicles Through Sonic Hedgehog and Protein Kinase B Signaling Pathways

research Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Promotes the Growth of Mink Hair Follicles Through Sonic Hedgehog and Protein Kinase B Signaling Pathways

14 citations , June 2018 in “Frontiers in pharmacology”

Green tea compound EGCG helps mink hair follicles grow by affecting certain cell growth pathways.

Cell Surface Receptor Kinase FERONIA Linked to Nutrient Sensor TORC Signaling Controls Root Hair Growth at Low Temperature Linked to Low Nitrate in Arabidopsis Thaliana

research Cell surface receptor kinase FERONIA linked to nutrient sensor TORC signaling controls root hair growth at low temperature linked to low nitrate inArabidopsis thaliana

2 citations , January 2022 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)”

A protein called FERONIA helps control root hair growth in response to cold and low nitrogen by activating nutrient-sensing pathways in a plant called Arabidopsis.