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November 2014 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Men with isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism have partial steroid deficiencies, while those with panhypopituitarism have severe deficiencies.
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October 2012 in “Seminars in reproductive medicine” Genetic defects in androgen production are linked to male developmental disorders and are improving treatment understanding.
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August 1990 in “The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Journal of clinical endocrinology & metabolism” Ketoconazole reduced hair growth and improved acne in women, but caused side effects needing careful monitoring.
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May 1986 in “Seminars in Reproductive Medicine” Testosterone and dihydrotestosterone affect hair growth, and new techniques like the folliculogram help study it, but fully understanding hair growth is still complex.
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April 2018 in “Nature Reviews Urology” Male genital development is driven by androgen signaling and understanding it could help address congenital anomalies.
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January 2012 in “The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology” Too much AKR1C3 enzyme causes resistance to finasteride by increasing testosterone.
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February 2001 in “Joint bone spine” Gonadal dysgenesis, like Turner's and Klinefelter's syndromes, negatively affects bone health, but hormone treatments can help.
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January 2012 in “Food and chemical toxicology” Ursolic acid can shrink the prostate and lower a hormone linked to prostate growth in rats.
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December 2005 in “The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology” Combining 5α-reductase and aromatase inhibitors may better reduce estrogen levels.
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January 1999 in “Advances in pharmacology” The document concludes that the androgen receptor's structure and function are complex, affecting how it regulates genes and is involved in diseases like prostate cancer.
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April 2011 in “AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism” Androgens increase muscle mass by promoting myoblast growth through ornithine decarboxylase.
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January 2006 in “PubMed” Androgens and estrogens are crucial for male reproductive health, affecting hormone levels and tissue function.
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November 1975 in “Archives of Dermatology” Testosterone affects hair loss, acne, and excessive hair growth, and antiandrogens can help treat these conditions.
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February 2021 in “Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy” Hair follicle regeneration possible, more research needed.
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December 2015 in “International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics” The 0.25% finasteride solution, when applied once a day, effectively reduces scalp DHT, potentially minimizing sexual side-effects linked to a systemic DHT reduction.
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March 2010 in “Endocrinology” Mice with human gene experienced hair loss when treated with DHT.
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May 2003 in “Mini-reviews in Medicinal Chemistry” New steroidal compounds could be effective for treating conditions related to 5α-reductase enzyme activity.
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February 1998 in “The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology” PNU 157706 is a more effective treatment than finasteride for conditions caused by DHT, like enlarged prostate and hair loss.
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July 2001 in “PubMed” Estrogens can reduce DHT production in hair follicles, but are less effective than finasteride and progesterone.
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March 1998 in “Archives of Dermatological Research” The enzyme that changes testosterone to a stronger form is mostly found in the part of the hair follicle called the dermal papilla.
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January 1994 in “Skin Pharmacology and Physiology” Male hormones affect oil-producing skin cells differently based on their body location, and the drug spironolactone can reduce these effects.
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March 2009 in “Archives of Dermatological Research” Apigenin may help promote hair growth and could treat hair loss.
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August 2004 in “International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics” Finasteride and CPA-EE2 equally reduce hirsutism, but affect hormone levels differently.
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October 2014 in “Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes and Obesity” 5-alpha reductase deficiency leads to male sexual development issues and treatments like finasteride help with prostate enlargement and hair loss.
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February 2005 in “The journal of sexual medicine” The testosterone patch and gel are both effective, but they have different absorption patterns and effects on hormone levels.
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January 2005 in “PubMed” Dutasteride effectively treats enlarged prostate with manageable side effects.
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June 2003 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings” Finasteride effectively improves hair growth and slows hair loss in men with male pattern baldness.
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July 1989 in “Archives of dermatological research” Testosterone causes hair loss in AGA mice, which are good for testing baldness treatments, and both minoxidil and cyproterone acetate can prevent this hair loss.