34 citations
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December 1991 in “Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences” The conclusion is that small hair follicles cause baldness in macaques, and treatments like antiandrogens and minoxidil can prevent hair loss and promote regrowth.
November 2024 in “Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care” 5 alpha reductase inhibitors can cause sexual, cognitive, and muscle side effects, and may slightly increase aggressive cancer risk.
12 citations
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January 1998 in “Drug safety” Finasteride helps reduce prostate size and symptoms in BPH but is less effective than terazosin and works best for larger prostates.
55 citations
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June 2012 in “Steroids” Testosterone affects vascular cells directly without converting to estradiol.
11 citations
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November 2009 in “Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology/The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology” Bolandiol, a synthetic steroid, builds muscle and bone without greatly affecting sex glands, and works differently from other hormones.
September 2017 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings” Prostaglandin D2 increases testosterone production in skin cells through a process involving reactive oxygen species, which could be a new target for treating hair loss and other skin conditions driven by testosterone.
P-3074 effectively blocks scalp DHT better than oral finasteride.
26 citations
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December 2023 in “Prostate International” Medications for BPH can have significant side effects, so understanding these risks is important for treatment decisions.
August 2024 in “Australasian Journal of Dermatology” Australia needs better dermatological guidelines for gender-diverse patients.
January 2023 in “Skin Pharmacology and Physiology” Minor injuries to hair follicles can stimulate hair growth in mice by increasing a specific protein.
25 citations
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September 2005 in “International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience” Morphine increases testosterone breakdown in the rat brain and spinal cord.
November 2025 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” Combining different drugs can improve hair loss treatment.
34 citations
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December 2021 in “Journal of Clinical Medicine” Men with BPH should discuss potential sexual side effects with doctors before treatment, as some treatments can affect ejaculation.
3 citations
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December 2018 in “Biomedical and pharmacology journal/Biomedical & pharmacology journal” Compound 3 protects the heart from damage by activating A1-adenosine receptors.
3 citations
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February 2023 in “Journal of Experimental Pharmacology” Kigelia africana fruit extract can prevent and reverse prostate enlargement in rats.
1 citations
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August 2024 in “Polymers” The P25H5-O microneedles effectively deliver substances through hair follicles and are safe for skin cells.
Certain medications can cause gum problems, so patients and healthcare providers should be aware and monitor oral health.
48 citations
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April 1995 in “PubMed” Testosterone helps beard and axillary hair cells grow by releasing growth factors from dermal papilla cells.
11 citations
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October 2002 in “Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior” Formalin-induced pain increases testosterone breakdown in the rat brain and spinal cord.
November 2025 in “Frontiers in Pharmacology” Xiaozhi Yufa decoction may help treat hair loss by improving hair growth and reducing inflammation.
52 citations
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April 2004 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” Male pattern baldness involves three mechanisms and finasteride can help reverse it.
124 citations
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January 1993 in “The Prostate” Finasteride effectively inhibits 5α reductase, while plant extracts like Permixon and Bazoton don't show significant results.
75 citations
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January 2014 in “Korean Journal of Urology” 5α-reductase inhibitors can cause sexual problems, higher risk of aggressive prostate cancer, and depression.
32 citations
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November 1996 in “International Journal of Dermatology” Antiandrogens can help treat skin conditions like acne and excessive hair in women when used carefully.
16 citations
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August 2004 in “Tetrahedron” Scientists made all eight versions of a compound called cyoctol, but found it's not an anti-androgen and it fully breaks down in the skin.
9 citations
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September 2017 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings” Prostaglandin D2 increases testosterone production in skin cells through a process involving reactive oxygen species, and antioxidants may help treat hair loss.
1 citations
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January 2017 in “Asian Journal of Chemistry” New method effectively analyzes finasteride and its stability.
December 2023 in “Annals of phytomedicine” Dutasteride is more effective than finasteride for hair loss treatment.
27 citations
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February 2014 in “Planta Medica” Scutellaria baicalensis extract and baicalin may help prevent hair loss.
October 2017 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings” Using lidocaine before keloid injections makes the treatment more comfortable for patients.