September 2025 in “Science Advances” PADI4 enzyme slows down cell growth in developing hair follicles.
July 2022 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Blocking DPP4 can help activate hair growth and improve hair regeneration.
Targeting the PGI2 pathway may help heal diabetic foot ulcers.
124 citations
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November 2000 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” PAD3 plays a key role in hair and skin protein structure and may be linked to skin diseases.
Cadd4 effectively reduces cholesterol levels without side effects.
9 citations
,
August 2023 in “Molecules” Two peptides, RMYYY and VMYMI, may be effective anti-inflammatory drugs.
28 citations
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December 2011 in “Biocatalysis and biotransformation” PDI helps restore over-bleached hair's strength and structure by attaching special peptides.
15 citations
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November 2024 in “Pharmaceutics” Peptide drugs now target hard-to-reach proteins more effectively and specifically.
June 2025 in “Asia-Pacific Journal of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology” Papain from papaya may help treat cardiovascular diseases by breaking down fibrin.
22 citations
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November 2016 in “International journal of molecular sciences” Vitamin D receptor is important for regulating hair growth and wound healing in mice.
35 citations
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July 2010 in “The FEBS journal” The study found a specific peptide that helps detect TGase 3 activity in skin and hair follicles.
May 2010 in “Europe PMC (PubMed Central)” Near-infrared probes can safely and effectively image cysteine protease activity for disease diagnosis.
42 citations
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May 1997 in “The Journal of Biochemistry” PAD type III enzyme is specific to rat skin and hair follicles.
April 2023 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Treprostinil, a drug, can delay wound healing in healthy cells but doesn't affect diabetic foot ulcer cells, suggesting further research could help understand its role in treating these ulcers.
January 2018 in “Springer eBooks” PDE inhibitors, especially PDE4 inhibitors like apremilast, are effective for certain inflammatory skin conditions but have side effects and can be costly.
2 citations
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April 2023 in “Diabetes Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity” 2h-ICPR can help screen for insulin antibodies in type 2 diabetes patients.
81 citations
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February 2019 in “Experimental & Molecular Medicine” PAK4 is crucial in cancer progression, brain development, and could be a therapeutic target, especially through the PAK4-CREB axis.
New pyridine compounds effectively inhibit GSK3, a diabetes treatment target.
5 citations
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July 2014 in “Acta Crystallographica Section D-biological Crystallography” Mutations in the enzyme don't significantly change how it binds to its specific substances.
34 citations
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February 2016 in “Fertility and Sterility” More PDCD4 is linked to obesity, insulin problems, and cell death in ovaries for those with polycystic ovary syndrome.
71 citations
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June 2005 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” PAD enzymes play a key role in hair growth and structure.
40 citations
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July 2023 in “Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics” Targeted protein degraders show promise in treating cancer but need to target more diverse proteins.
19 citations
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March 2017 in “Scientific Reports” HAT-L4 is crucial for preventing body fluid loss by maintaining skin barrier integrity.
2 citations
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October 2023 in “Philosophical transactions - Royal Society. Biological sciences” Enzymes that change arginine to citrulline are important for skin barrier and hair formation, and their malfunction can lead to skin conditions and hair disorders.
October 2025 in “Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences” Phospholipids help plant proteins move by regulating receptor interactions.
November 2022 in “Munich Personal RePEc Archive (Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich)” Phosphatidylinositol 4-kinases are crucial for root growth, defense, and immunity in Arabidopsis thaliana.
May 2023 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” A potential treatment for atopic dermatitis could be to increase PADI1 expression to improve skin barrier function.
December 2009 in “생명과학회지” Thymosin β4 and VEGF are important for organ function and may help with blood vessel formation.
86 citations
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March 2018 in “ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering” MDP hydrogel heals wounds faster and better than other treatments in diabetic mice.
39 citations
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November 2005 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Fatp4 is crucial for healthy skin development and function.