January 2026 in “Molecules” A new perming method is less damaging to hair and works as well as traditional methods.
9 citations
,
April 2019 in “Journal of structural biology” Hair's internal fibers are arranged in a pattern that doesn't let much water in, and treatments like oils and heat change how much water hair can absorb.
May 2022 in “Experimental dermatology” Trichothiodystrophy hair is structurally abnormal with protein and organization issues.
13 citations
,
September 2017 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” Thioglycerol treatment at pH 9.0 with ammonia causes less hair damage and better waving than thioglycolic acid.
45 citations
,
December 2006 in “Biopolymers” Permanent waving weakens hair by altering its protein structure.
39 citations
,
June 2012 in “Journal of Structural Biology” Disulfide bonds are crucial for hair structure during keratinization.
29 citations
,
August 2005 in “Biopolymers” L-cysteine slows down the breaking of bonds in hair due to electrostatic interactions.
4 citations
,
April 1955 in “Textile Research Journal” The effectiveness of reducing agents on hair fibers depends on their electrode potentials.
September 2018 in “University of the Arts London Research Online (University of the Arts London)” L-arginine, hydrolysed keratin, and cystine-silanol copolymer can help protect hair from damage during and after bleaching.
3 citations
,
May 2024 in “Amino Acids” Disrupted cysteine metabolism may cause hair breakage in Alopecia Areata, suggesting potential treatments like N-acetylcysteine.
25 citations
,
May 2019 in “Heliyon” Hair treatments cause significant structural changes, especially with excessive heat, regardless of ethnicity.
1 citations
,
July 2024 in “International Journal of Dermatology Venereology and Leprosy Sciences” Cysteine strengthens hair, and glutamine fuels hair growth.
4 citations
,
August 2014 in “Journal of molecular structure” Chemical treatments on bleached black hair change its internal structure by breaking and reforming bonds, and treatments with hydrolyzed eggwhite protein help repair it.
3 citations
,
January 2009 in “Sen'i Gakkaishi” Using both TGA and DTDG in hair straightening reduces hair damage compared to using TGA alone.
October 2023 in “Journal of Molecular Liquids” A new method using imidazole-based liquids efficiently extracts keratin from yak hair.
January 2024 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” A new method using 1,4-n-butylene dimaleate effectively repairs and strengthens damaged hair.
March 2026 in “Journal of the mechanical behavior of biomedical materials/Journal of mechanical behavior of biomedical materials” Hair cuticles remain stable and resilient under stress due to strong protein content and crosslinking.
October 2024 in “Cosmetics” Afro-textured hair needs personalized care due to its unique genetic traits.
52 citations
,
May 2006 in “Journal of Structural Biology” Keratin-associated proteins help link filaments and affect keratin's strength.
18 citations
,
January 2008 in “Sen'i Gakkaishi” Thioglycolic acid and L-cysteine change hair structure differently during perms, affecting hair strength and curling efficiency.
8 citations
,
January 2016 in “Journal of fiber science and technology” Bleaching hair increases cysteic acid levels in a predictable way.
2 citations
,
December 2019 in “Textile Research Journal” L-cysteine and ultrasound successfully improved rabbit hair fibers for industrial use.
6 citations
,
October 2016 Understanding how keratin structures in hair are arranged and interact is key for creating methods to extract and purify them.
70 citations
,
June 1998 in “Polymer” Permanent waving damages hair by disrupting its keratin structure.
December 2012 in “SWU eJournals System (Srinakharinwirot University)” Chemical hair removal can cause skin irritation and other issues, but natural alternatives are being explored.
11 citations
,
September 1996 in “Journal of applied polymer science” Potassium cyanide treatment changes hair's disulfide bonds, making it more elastic.
91 citations
,
December 2000 in “The journal of cell biology/The Journal of cell biology” Scientists successfully created mouse hair proteins in the lab, which are stable and similar to natural hair.
8 citations
,
January 2017 in “Journal of Biological Chemistry” Astrotactin-2 is cleaved in a specific way that helps understand its maturation.
August 2025 in “Applied Sciences” Peroxide-rich plasma-activated water is gentler on hair than nitrate-rich formulations.
4 citations
,
January 2015 in “Sen'i Gakkaishi” Hair and wool strength is affected by the number and type of bonds in their protein structures, with hair having more protein aggregates than wool.