53 citations
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March 2006 in “Biopolymers” TTD hair is brittle due to fewer sulfur amino acids and unstable disulfide bonds.
22 citations
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November 2014 in “Proteins Structure Function and Bioinformatics” Cysteines in wool fibers are accessible and form important disulfide bonds.
35 citations
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February 2006 in “Textile Research Journal” Enzymes xylanase and pectinase clean wool and specialty hair fibers effectively without damage, offering an eco-friendly alternative to soap and hot water.
15 citations
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January 1992 in “Sen'i Gakkaishi” The Cell Membrane Complex in hair has both water-attracting and water-repelling layers.
11 citations
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January 2006 in “Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association” Oxidizing agents break down keratin in wool and hair, causing swelling and increased solubility.
7 citations
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September 2021 in “Journal of Applied Polymer Science” Cuttlefish ink melanin protects hair from UV damage.
3 citations
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September 2018 in “Journal of Structural Biology” Oxidized trichocyte keratin has a helical dislocation in its structure.
Hydrophobic modifications make human hair less affected by water.
4 citations
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April 1955 in “Textile Research Journal” The effectiveness of reducing agents on hair fibers depends on their electrode potentials.
March 2010 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” Disulfide bonds affect the melting behavior of hair's crystalline structure, but hair retains some stability even after these bonds are broken.
4 citations
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June 1990 in “PubMed” Hair protein differences help identify species and individuals in forensic science.
69 citations
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January 2009 in “Advances in Materials Science and Engineering” Wool keratin is reactive, biocompatible, biodegradable, and can model keratin from other sources.
4 citations
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January 2015 in “Sen'i Gakkaishi” Hair and wool strength is affected by the number and type of bonds in their protein structures, with hair having more protein aggregates than wool.
18 citations
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January 2008 in “Sen'i Gakkaishi” Thioglycolic acid and L-cysteine change hair structure differently during perms, affecting hair strength and curling efficiency.
1 citations
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January 2009 in “Journal of S C C J” Changing disulfide bonds in human hair affects its melting behavior and thermal stability.
28 citations
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December 2011 in “Biocatalysis and biotransformation” PDI helps restore over-bleached hair's strength and structure by attaching special peptides.
9 citations
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April 2019 in “Journal of structural biology” Hair's internal fibers are arranged in a pattern that doesn't let much water in, and treatments like oils and heat change how much water hair can absorb.
45 citations
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December 2006 in “Biopolymers” Permanent waving weakens hair by altering its protein structure.
8 citations
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May 2017 in “IUBMB life” Astrotactin proteins are important for brain and skin development and are linked to several neurodevelopmental disorders.
42 citations
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January 2011 in “Journal of Biomedical Optics” Infrared and Raman imaging can non-destructively analyze hair structure and help diagnose hair conditions.
39 citations
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June 2012 in “Journal of Structural Biology” Disulfide bonds are crucial for hair structure during keratinization.
25 citations
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May 2019 in “Heliyon” Hair treatments cause significant structural changes, especially with excessive heat, regardless of ethnicity.
19 citations
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January 2009 in “International review of cell and molecular biology” Hair's strength and flexibility come from its protein structure and molecular interactions.
16 citations
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January 2017 in “Physical chemistry chemical physics/PCCP. Physical chemistry chemical physics” The 3D structure of a key hair protein was modeled, revealing specific helical structures and stabilization features.
8 citations
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January 2009 in “Transactions of the Materials Research Society of Japan” Water-soluble wool keratin can protect human hair from damage during treatments.
Human hair keratins can be turned into useful 3D biomedical scaffolds through a freeze-thaw process.
October 2015 in “Cosmetic Dermatology” Hair straightening changes hair structure and can cause damage if done wrong, but improvements in the methods are expected to continue.
47 citations
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January 2017 in “RSC Advances” Keratin peptides can change hair shape gently without harsh chemicals.
2 citations
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January 2015 in “Sen'i Gakkaishi” Washing permed hair after using thioglycolic acid helps reform strong bonds, making hair stronger.
3 citations
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January 2009 in “Sen'i Gakkaishi” Using both TGA and DTDG in hair straightening reduces hair damage compared to using TGA alone.