4 citations
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January 2020 in “Genes” The KRTAP21-2 gene affects wool length and quality in sheep.
2 citations
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July 2024 in “Skin Research and Technology” Copper may protect against alopecia areata, while certain inflammatory markers increase risk.
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December 2023 Hair grows in cycles and changes with age, starting from fetal development.
1 citations
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July 2021 in “IntechOpen eBooks” Environmental factors can cause mutations in skin proteins, leading to skin disorders.
75 citations
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March 2007 in “Journal of Biological Chemistry” QSOX enzymes help form protein bonds in cells, especially in tissues with high secretory activity.
28 citations
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March 1993 in “Journal of Cell Science” Keratins K4 and K13 form stable dimers in mature esophageal cells, aiding cell stability.
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April 2022 in “Biophysical Journal” Disulfide bonds in keratin fibers break more easily under stress, especially when wet, affecting fiber strength.
3 citations
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January 2019 in “International Journal of Trichology” The balance of thiol-disulfide in women with hair loss is affected but not damaged.
1 citations
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January 2013 in “PubMed” Permanent wave treatment with thioglycolic acid changes hair structure by altering disulfide bonds.
December 2021 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology” Thiol/disulfide balance is normal in male AGA patients but shifts towards oxidative stress with emotional stress and low vitamin D.
13 citations
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September 2017 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” Thioglycerol treatment at pH 9.0 with ammonia causes less hair damage and better waving than thioglycolic acid.
12 citations
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July 1964 in “Archives of Dermatology” Selenium sulfide shampoo doesn't affect hair growth or rest phases.
7 citations
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March 2023 in “European Journal of Dermatology” Using Selenium Disulfide shampoo weekly helps prevent scalp dermatitis flare-ups.
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January 2019 in “Turk Dermatoloji Dergisi” Oxidative stress is likely important in causing telogen effluvium, and antioxidants might help treat it.
March 2025 in “Skin Appendage Disorders” Selenium disulfide shampoo effectively reduces dandruff and improves scalp health for all hair types.
September 2024 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” Selenium disulfide shampoo effectively reduces dandruff and is well-liked by users.
January 2019 in “AYBU AVESIS” Increased oxidative stress and decreased antioxidants contribute to hair loss in androgenetic alopecia.
September 1980 in “PubMed” Using selenium disulfide on guinea pigs increased hair loss.
2 citations
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February 1983 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” Selenium disulphide detergents increase hair oiliness by boosting some lipids and reducing fatty acids.
September 2016 in “Journal of Engineering and Technological Science” Women with telogen effluvium have an imbalance in thiol-disulphide, suggesting oxidative stress may contribute to hair loss.
75 citations
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September 2015 in “Acta biomaterialia” Alkylation of human hair keratin allows for adjustable drug release rates in hydrogels for medical use.
52 citations
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February 2005 in “Biopolymers” Chemical hair straightening changes hair proteins and mostly fixes broken bonds.
51 citations
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September 2012 in “Biomacromolecules” Disulfide bonds make keratin in hair stronger and tougher.
40 citations
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April 1999 in “Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry” S100A3 protein is mainly found in specific parts of human hair cells.
38 citations
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January 2014 in “Journal of Dermatological Science” Krtap11-1 is important for hair strength and structure.
30 citations
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January 2009 in “The scientific world journal/TheScientificWorldjournal” Hair is hard to dissolve because of its complex proteins, but certain solvents that break specific bonds and hydrate can do it.
29 citations
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August 2005 in “Biopolymers” L-cysteine slows down the breaking of bonds in hair due to electrostatic interactions.
24 citations
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January 2009 in “International Journal of Trichology” Sunlight exposure ages hair, making it brittle, stiff, and dry.
23 citations
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April 2003 in “Journal of Structural Biology” Keratin structure changes during keratinization, but the exact model remains uncertain.
20 citations
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December 2012 in “Journal of molecular structure” The study found that thioglycolic acid breaks down hair bonds more consistently than l-cysteine, which is less damaging to hair.