September 2022 in “Annals of medicine and surgery” Three siblings with a rare genetic condition had abnormal sexual development and chose different gender identities, needing surgery and therapy.
5 citations
,
May 2019 in “Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia” Finger length ratios might predict risk for skin condition in males.
Digit ratio likely doesn't predict male hair loss.
4 citations
,
August 2017 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology” Finger length ratio may indicate male hair loss.
4 citations
,
August 2021 in “Pediatrics in review” DSDs are birth conditions causing unusual sex development, managed with personalized care and sometimes surgery, but still lack a standard treatment approach.
3 citations
,
June 2016 in “Dermatology Reports” Finger length ratios don't predict baldness in men.
8 citations
,
July 2015 in “International Journal of Dermatology” A new DSG4 gene mutation causes hair defects in a young girl.
February 2022 in “Mediators of Inflammation” Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) have lower levels of a substance called DIAPH1 in their blood, which is linked to changes in sugar metabolism and insulin resistance.
August 2025 in “American Journal of Case Reports” Accurate diagnosis and early specialist referral are crucial for managing 46,XY Disorders of Sex Development.
2 citations
,
July 2011 in “AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY” Seven genetic variations in sheep's DSG4 gene are linked and affect wool traits.
40 citations
,
January 2013 in “Frontiers in Endocrinology” Finger length ratios are not linked to the number of specific gene repeats affecting testosterone sensitivity.
December 2022 in “The Aging Male” Lower 2D:4D ratio and older age increase the risk of severe hair loss in men.
October 2023 in “Dermatology practical & conceptual” Finger length ratios might help predict common hair loss.
8 citations
,
April 2016 in “Anais Brasileiros De Dermatologia” Right hand finger ratio may predict male hair loss.
4 citations
,
December 2021 in “Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine” Higher estrone-to-estradiol ratios are linked to worse glucose metabolism and insulin resistance in women with PCOS.
30 citations
,
July 2019 in “Endocrinology” Certain HSD3B1 gene types are linked to worse prostate cancer outcomes and affect treatment response and other health conditions.
1 citations
,
December 2025 in “Selçuk tıp dergisi/Selçuk Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi dergisi” Lower 2D:4D finger ratios in HS patients suggest prenatal hormone influence on the disease.
1 citations
,
November 2025 in “Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM)” A new method accurately measures DHEAS in blood, improving on current tests.
March 2018 in “Benha Journal of Applied Sciences” Finger length ratio is not linked to hirsutism or hormone levels.
22 citations
,
May 1986 in “Clinics in endocrinology and metabolism” Certain finger length ratios and body hair patterns may predict side effects from birth control pills in women.
7 citations
,
April 1992 in “Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology/The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology” Women with non-classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia have higher levels of certain steroids, which can be reduced by treatment.
9 citations
,
August 1952 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” A 17-year-old female with adrenogenital syndrome produces very high levels of androgens, which prevent complete feminization despite high estrogen doses.
9 citations
,
January 1997 in “Endocrine Journal” Gonadal biopsy is the best method to diagnose gonadal dysgenesis.
8 citations
,
March 2012 in “Mass spectrometry letters” The S9 fraction with GC-IDMS is effective for measuring 5α-reductase activity.
February 2021 in “International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)” A higher testosterone/dihydrotestosterone ratio in PCOS patients may indicate worse metabolic health.
7 citations
,
September 2014 in “Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research” Ultrasound measurement of the ovarian stroma to total area ratio is not a reliable single predictor of high male hormone levels in Thai women with PCOS, but works better when combined with clinical signs.
3 citations
,
October 2015 in “International Journal of Dermatology” Normal hair density and diameter ratios were established to help diagnose adult hair loss.
November 2023 in “Вопросы современной педиатрии” Genetic testing can diagnose hair loss linked to DSG4 gene variants.
260 citations
,
July 2010 in “Cell” Mutations in the SRD5A3 gene cause a new type of glycosylation disorder by blocking the production of a molecule necessary for protein glycosylation.
26 citations
,
December 2012 in “Bioanalysis” Dried blood spots can be as stable as frozen liquid samples for storing certain metabolites.