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The study developed a polyherbal hair dye using Phyllanthus reticulatus fruit extract, combined with other herbal ingredients, as a natural alternative to synthetic dyes. The formulation was evaluated for various properties, including stability, skin compatibility, and effectiveness in color deposition. It showed excellent scalp compatibility, no irritation or allergic reactions, and significant antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, enhancing scalp health and hair protection. The polyherbal dye proved to be a safe, stable, cost-effective, and eco-friendly alternative, offering additional therapeutic and conditioning benefits compared to conventional synthetic hair dyes.

The document reviews the principles of hair dye, categorizing them into oxidative and non-oxidative dyes, with non-oxidative dyes further divided into temporary and semi-permanent types. By analyzing these principles, the study aims to improve the quality and safety of hair dyes, making the dyeing process safer and more convenient. The review highlights significant differences in the duration, application methods, and potential risks associated with each type of dye, suggesting that understanding these differences can lead to better and safer hair dye products.

The study utilized Alternanthera sessilis aqueous extract to synthesize nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiONPs) through a simple and cost-effective biological method. The extract, known for its health benefits including promoting hair growth, served as a capping agent to prevent agglomeration. Characterization of NiONPs was performed using photoluminescence and UV-visible spectroscopy, confirming their formation. The nanoparticles demonstrated significant antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis, antifungal activity against Candida albicans, and effective dye-reduction capabilities against Rhodamine B and Methylene Blue, highlighting their potential for various applications.