2 citations
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January 1985 in “Theriogenology” Hormonal treatments affect cow fertility and early embryo development.
44 citations
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March 2004 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” The effects of estrogen on human hair growth are unclear and need more research.
May 2013 in “UTUPub (University of Turku)” Including androgens in hormone therapy may lower breast cancer risk.
25 citations
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November 2013 in “PLoS ONE” Estrogen and androgen signals control synaptic changes in rat brains.
12 citations
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March 2017 in “Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology” Testosterone helps prevent skin damage in males by acting through both estrogen and androgen pathways.
3 citations
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April 2010 in “The FASEB Journal” Estrogen and MLL enzymes work together to regulate genes important for hair growth and leukemia.
Estrogen and its receptors play a key role in hair growth, with differences between males and females.
50 citations
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May 2004 in “Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft” Estrogens generally inhibit hair growth and improve skin quality, but their exact effects on hair follicles are complex and not fully understood.
92 citations
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February 2005 in “Endocrinology” Estrogen receptors affect hair growth, with ER beta slowing down the hair cycle changes caused by ER alpha.
32 citations
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October 2015 in “Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience” DHT is needed for long-term depression, while E2 is needed for full long-term potentiation in male rat brains.
19 citations
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March 1998 in “Endocrinology” Male rats have more somatostatin neurons than females due to testosterone converting to estrogen during early development.
4 citations
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August 2019 in “General and Comparative Endocrinology” Male yak hair growth is influenced by DHT synthesis, which is promoted by 5α-red1 and AR during growth phases, while E2 may inhibit growth through ERα.
3 citations
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August 2021 in “Nutrition research” Estrogen affects how vitamin A is processed in mouse skin, which may impact acne treatment, hair growth, and skin defense.
July 2025 in “The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine” Estrogen affects hair growth, and GPER-1 levels might help identify hair loss types.
71 citations
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February 2000 in “Endocrinology and metabolism/American journal of physiology: endocrinology and metabolism” Estradiol stops hair growth in mice, but an antagonist can reverse this effect.
June 2020 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” 17α-estradiol extends lifespan and improves metabolism in male mice through the estrogen receptor α.
1 citations
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January 2004 in “PubMed” NGF and minoxidil promote hair growth, while 17 beta-E2 inhibits it.
10 citations
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February 2017 in “European journal of neuroscience/EJN. European journal of neuroscience” The availability of certain hormones and specific stimulation patterns affect long-term synaptic changes in the male rat brain.
96 citations
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September 1975 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Hormone levels change during puberty, leading to physical developments like pubic hair and voice changes.
January 2002 in “NCSU Libraries Repository (North Carolina State University Libraries)” 17b-Estradiol in skin affects hair growth and tumor promotion.
168 citations
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January 2005 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Male and female mice have different skin thickness, and hormones affect their skin and hair growth differently.
56 citations
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March 2003 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” 17β-estradiol can reduce inflammation in the skin.
25 citations
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October 1993 in “American Journal of Physical Anthropology” Lower DHT levels lead to more body hair growth.
9 citations
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August 2021 in “Biomedicines” 17β-estradiol boosts APE1/Ref-1 secretion in cells and mice via a calcium-dependent pathway.
5 citations
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February 2019 in “Neuroscience letters” Hormones during puberty increase certain receptors in the brain, and this change is influenced by estrogen levels.
August 2023 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology” Exosomes from hair papilla cells and the Chinese medicine Liao Tuo Fang can potentially promote hair growth and could be used to develop hair growth drugs.
April 2023 in “Mayo Clinic Proceedings” Estrogen may help improve COVID-19 outcomes, especially in women.
April 2019 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Androgens and estrogens are crucial for insulin secretion in males.
November 2016 in “Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa (Consorci de Serveis Universitaris de Catalunya)” The VMH AMPK-SNS-BAT axis may help treat cachexia and obesity.
47 citations
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August 2016 in “Fitoterapia” Some herbs and their components might help treat hair loss by affecting various biological pathways, but more research and regulation are needed.