81 citations
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May 2007 in “Fertility and Sterility” Testosterone therapy seems safe for postmenopausal women for a few years, but more research is needed for long-term effects.
78 citations
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November 2014 in “Functional Ecology” Heavily hunted wolves have higher stress and reproductive hormone levels.
67 citations
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March 1987 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” Minoxidil helps hair growth and prevents hair loss in androgenetic alopecia. It's safe and effective.
63 citations
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March 2011 in “Clinical Endocrinology” Evaluate postmenopausal women with high androgen levels using medical history, physical exams, lab tests, and imaging to manage health risks.
53 citations
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June 1993 in “Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America” LY191704 is a compound that effectively blocks a specific enzyme involved in hormone conversion and could help treat enlarged prostate and hair loss.
51 citations
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January 1989 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Men with male-pattern baldness have more androgen receptors in their scalp's oil glands, which may contribute to hair loss.
40 citations
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January 1994 in “Skin Pharmacology and Physiology” Male hormones affect oil-producing skin cells differently based on their body location, and the drug spironolactone can reduce these effects.
39 citations
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September 2000 in “Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America” Insulin-lowering medications show promise for PCOS symptoms but can't be the main treatment yet due to limited long-term research.
37 citations
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November 2002 in “Biology of Reproduction” Prenatal antiandrogen treatment altered hormone levels in adult spotted hyenas, affecting males and females differently.
35 citations
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May 2022 in “Baillière's best practice and research in clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Baillière's best practice & research. Clinical endocrinology & metabolism” Androgens like testosterone are important hormones for both men and women, made differently in each sex and affecting the body by regulating genes and quick interactions with cell components.
35 citations
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October 2011 in “Medicine and science in sports and exercise” Muscles can make their own androgens, which may help muscle growth.
34 citations
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December 1991 in “Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences” Differences in enzyme activity and androgen receptors in hair follicles may explain why hair loss appears differently in men and women.
30 citations
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August 1992 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Finasteride doesn't affect hormone levels in normal men.
29 citations
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December 1998 in “Seminars in Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery” New treatments for hair loss show promise, especially finasteride for men and a stronger minoxidil formula.
26 citations
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July 2019 in “Fertility and Sterility” Reproductive gynecologists are the main referrers for male infertility evaluations in North America.
20 citations
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January 2012 in “Journal of Steroids & Hormonal Science” The document concludes that there are still unknowns about the effectiveness, risks, and detection of performance-enhancing drugs, and doping remains a challenge.
19 citations
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March 1998 in “Endocrinology” Male rats have more somatostatin neurons than females due to testosterone converting to estrogen during early development.
18 citations
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January 1994 in “Skin Pharmacology and Physiology” Androgens shorten hair growth phases, causing finer hair and more severe hair loss in men.
16 citations
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July 2012 in “The New England Journal of Medicine” The patient was diagnosed with anorexia nervosa and severe malnutrition, requiring urgent refeeding and monitoring.
14 citations
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May 2013 in “American Journal of Physiology-endocrinology and Metabolism” Removing myelin protein zero-like 3 in mice leads to better metabolism and resistance to obesity.
14 citations
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July 2016 in “Journal of Endocrinology” The equine epididymis mainly uses type 1 5α-reductase, and both finasteride and dutasteride can inhibit its activity.
14 citations
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February 1998 in “Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters” Some newly made compounds can block an enzyme linked to hair loss and prostate growth, with one in particular being very selective.
13 citations
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November 2019 in “Scientific reports” Certain drugs change freshwater snail shells to a "banana" shape.
13 citations
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September 2013 in “Steroids” The DHT immunoassay is unreliable due to high cross-reactivity with testosterone.
11 citations
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January 2000 in “The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology” LY320236 is a strong blocker of two enzymes that change testosterone into dihydrotestosterone and might help treat conditions related to male hormones.
10 citations
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March 2019 in “Journal of neuroendocrinology” Testosterone affects stress hormone levels differently in adolescent and adult male rats.
9 citations
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June 2000 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” Mutation in hairless gene may increase hair loss risk.
9 citations
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December 2021 in “Androgens” Androgens like testosterone may help treat traumatic brain injury by reducing mitochondrial stress and inflammation.
9 citations
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January 2013 in “PubMed” Dihydrotestosterone might cause migraines, and finasteride could help reduce them.
8 citations
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December 2022 in “Nature Reviews Endocrinology” Sex hormones' effects on COVID-19 are unclear and more research is needed to understand their potential as treatment.