August 2019 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Frog skin cells need the protein desmoplakin for proper development and cell layer formation.
17 citations
,
August 2014 in “The Anatomical Record” Scaffoldin helps form hard skin structures in chicken embryos.
3 citations
,
June 2004 in “Työväentutkimus Vuosikirja” Ectodermal dysplasia syndromes are caused by disruptions in key signaling pathways affecting tooth and hair development.
86 citations
,
April 2009 in “Journal of anatomy” Hard skin features like scales, feathers, and hair evolved through specific protein changes in different animal groups.
71 citations
,
November 2005 in “The journal of investigative dermatology. Symposium proceedings/The Journal of investigative dermatology symposium proceedings” Edar signaling is crucial for proper hair follicle development and function.
November 2022 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” Researchers identified new cell types and genes in early hair follicle development.
April 2019 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Calcium signals and SHH guide the direction of feather growth in chicken skin.
26 citations
,
August 2007 in “Annals of Anatomy - Anatomischer Anzeiger” Feathers become harder as they develop due to a change in keratin type.
7 citations
,
November 1997 in “Reproduction Fertility and Development” Epidermal growth factor disrupts hair and gland formation in bandicoots.
72 citations
,
December 2018 in “Journal of Experimental Zoology Part B Molecular and Developmental Evolution” Corneous beta-proteins evolved uniquely in reptiles and birds, forming scales, claws, beaks, and feathers.
Pangolin scales evolved for protection, hardening with age, due to keratin gene diversification.
85 citations
,
July 2012 in “Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology” The skin protects the body and is constantly renewed by stem cells; disruptions can lead to cancer.
33 citations
,
December 2004 in “Differentiation” Mouse amnion can turn into skin and hair follicles with help from certain cells and factors.
25 citations
,
January 2004 in “The International Journal of Developmental Biology” Research on skin disorders in humans and mice has improved understanding of hair and skin development.
43 citations
,
February 2008 in “Journal of cutaneous pathology” Melanocyte precursors in human fetal skin follow a specific migration pattern and some remain in the skin's deeper layers.
June 2026 in “Communications Biology” Hoxc13 and hair keratin are needed for forming rough skin on frog mating pads.
17 citations
,
June 2012 in “Journal of experimental zoology. Part B, Molecular and developmental evolution” Hair in mammals likely evolved from glandular structures, not scales.
February 2025 in “Animals” Understanding proteins in skin structures like claws and hair is crucial for future research.
April 2023 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” The research mapped gene activity in developing mouse skin and found key markers for skin cell types and changes from fetal to early postnatal stages.
1 citations
,
October 2024 in “European Journal of Histochemistry” Telocytes in silky fowl embryos develop distinct features and connections by the 20th day of incubation.
April 2023 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Key skin cell regulators and gene organization changes are crucial for skin cell development and could help treat skin disorders.
2 citations
,
August 2020 in “Scientific reports” Genes related to keratin, skin cell differentiation, and immune functions are key in hedgehog skin and spine development.
238 citations
,
October 1994 in “Current opinion in genetics & development” The document concludes that recent research has improved understanding of skin diseases and the balance between cell growth and differentiation in the epidermis.
5 citations
,
January 1993 in “PubMed” Retinoic acid can change skin structures in vertebrates, like turning scales into feathers or hair buds into glands.
17 citations
,
January 2013 in “Journal of Cutaneous Pathology” The onychodermis helps anchor the nail bed and may aid in nail formation.
7 citations
,
October 2018 in “BMC genomics” Key genes can rewire networks, changing skin appendage types.
April 2026 in “Development” Hemidesmosomes and Notch signaling help skin cells mature by moving them to the outer layer.
Cellular flows and tissue mechanics guide feather follicle formation in birds.
February 2024 in “Epigenomes” Epigenetic mechanisms control skin development by regulating gene expression.
55 citations
,
January 2004 in “The International Journal of Developmental Biology” Corneal cells can transform into hair-producing skin cells when exposed to certain signals.