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GlossaryEctodysplasin A

regulates development of skin, hair, teeth, and sweat glands

Ectodysplasin A (Eda) is a protein crucial for the development of ectodermal tissues, which include skin, hair, teeth, and sweat glands. Mutations in the EDA gene can lead to ectodermal dysplasias, a group of disorders characterized by abnormalities in these tissues, often resulting in sparse hair, missing teeth, and reduced ability to sweat.

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research Hypohidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia with c.28delG Mutation in Ectodysplasin A Gene and Severe Atopic Dermatitis Treated Successfully with Tofacitinib

4 citations , November 2020 in “Acta Dermato Venereologica”

Tofacitinib effectively improved severe skin symptoms in a patient with Hypohidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia.

research Identification of Ectodysplasin Target Genes Reveals the Involvement of Chemokines in Hair Development

48 citations , January 2012 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

Chemokine signaling is important for hair development.

A Replication Study Confirmed the EDAR Gene to Be a Major Contributor to Population Differentiation Regarding Head Hair Thickness in Asia

research A replication study confirmed the EDAR gene to be a major contributor to population differentiation regarding head hair thickness in Asia

89 citations , August 2008 in “Human genetics”

The EDAR gene greatly affects hair thickness in Asian populations.

research Genetics of Alopecia

April 2012 in “Encyclopedia of Life Sciences”

Different genes are linked to various types of hair loss.

A Review of Genetic Research on Androgenic Alopecia

research A review of genetic researches of and rogenic alopecia

December 2016 in “Int J Genet”

Male pattern baldness is partly caused by specific genes, but most genetic factors are still unknown.

Enhanced Ectodysplasin-A Receptor Signaling Alters Multiple Fiber Characteristics to Produce the East Asian Hair Form

research Enhanced ectodysplasin-A receptor (EDAR) signaling alters multiple fiber characteristics to produce the East Asian hair form

98 citations , June 2008 in “Human mutation”

A genetic change in the EDAR gene causes the unique hair traits found in East Asians.

research Ectodysplasin research—Where to next?

30 citations , June 2014 in “Seminars in Immunology”

Future research on ectodysplasin should explore its role in diseases, stem cells, and evolution, and continue developing treatments for genetic disorders like hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia.

research Genetic and molecular aspects of androgenetic alopecia

24 citations , January 2018 in “Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology”

Androgenetic alopecia is mainly caused by genetic factors and increased androgen activity, leading to hair follicle miniaturization.

research Ancient lineages of the keratin-associated protein (KRTAP) genes and their co- option in the evolution of the hair follicle

November 2022 in “Research Square (Research Square)”

Keratin-associated proteins have ancient origins and were used for different purposes before being adapted for hair in mammals.

EDA and EDAR Expression at Different Stages of Hair Follicle Development in Cashmere Goats and Effects on Expression of Related Genes

research EDA and EDAR expression at different stages of hair follicle development in cashmere goats and effects on expression of related genes

12 citations , December 2020 in “Archives animal breeding/Archiv für Tierzucht”

EDA and EDAR are important for hair follicle development in cashmere goats and affect other related genes.

Recent Positive Selection of a Human Androgen Receptor/Ectodysplasin A2 Receptor Haplotype and Its Relationship to Male Pattern Baldness

research Recent positive selection of a human androgen receptor/ectodysplasin A2 receptor haplotype and its relationship to male pattern baldness

42 citations , April 2009 in “Human Genetics”

A specific genetic mutation may increase male pattern baldness risk, especially in Europeans.

research Molecular cloning,sequence analysis and expression of goat Edagene

January 2012 in “Journal of Northwest A & F University”

The Eda gene helps regulate the hair cycle in goats.

research EDA Missense Variant in a Cat with X-Linked Hypohidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia

June 2024 in “Genes”

A genetic mutation in the EDA gene causes hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia in cats.

research The biology of hair diversity

47 citations , January 2013 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science”

Hair diversity is influenced by complex genetics and environmental factors, requiring more research for practical solutions.

research Transcriptome Reveals Long Non-coding RNAs and mRNAs Involved in Primary Wool Follicle Induction in Carpet Sheep Fetal Skin

37 citations , May 2018 in “Frontiers in physiology”

Certain RNA molecules are important for the development of wool follicles in sheep.

Significant Correction of Disease After Postnatal Administration of Recombinant Ectodysplasin A in Canine X-Linked Ectodermal Dysplasia

research Significant Correction of Disease after Postnatal Administration of Recombinant Ectodysplasin A in Canine X-Linked Ectodermal Dysplasia

109 citations , October 2007 in “American Journal of Human Genetics”

Giving a special protein to dogs with a certain genetic disease improved their symptoms but didn't help with hair growth.

research X-linked Recessive Ectodysplasin A Mutations Induced Hypohidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia and Severe Atopic Dermatitis Successfully Treated with Dupilumab

January 2026 in “Acta Dermato Venereologica”

Dupilumab effectively treats severe skin issues in a rare genetic disorder.

Increased Expression of Ectodysplasin A2 Receptor EDA2R Is the Most Remarkable and Ubiquitous Aging-Related Transcriptional Hallmark

research Increased expression of Ectodysplasin A2 Receptor EDA2R is the most remarkable and ubiquitous aging-related transcriptional hallmark

3 citations , August 2021 in “Research Square (Research Square)”

The most common sign of aging at the gene level is more Ectodysplasin A2 Receptor (EDA2R) being made.

research Dynamic Signals for Hair Follicle Development and Regeneration

60 citations , July 2011 in “Stem Cells and Development”

Certain signals and genes play a key role in hair growth and regeneration, and understanding these could lead to new treatments for skin regeneration.

research p53‐dependent transcriptional regulation of EDA2R and its involvement in chemotherapy‐induced hair loss

37 citations , April 2010 in “FEBS Letters”

The study concludes that the EDA2R gene is activated by p53 during chemotherapy but is not necessary for chemotherapy-induced hair loss.

Faculty Opinions Recommendation of Investigation of Four Novel Male Androgenetic Alopecia Susceptibility Loci: No Association with Female Pattern Hair Loss

research Faculty Opinions recommendation of Investigation of four novel male androgenetic alopecia susceptibility loci: no association with female pattern hair loss.

January 2014 in “Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature”

The research found that certain genes are linked to male pattern baldness, but these same genes do not affect female pattern hair loss.

research miR-29a-5p Inhibits Prenatal Hair Placode Formation Through Targeting EDAR by ceRNA Regulatory Network

May 2022 in “Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology”

miR-29a-5p prevents the formation of early hair structures by targeting a gene important for hair growth and is regulated by a complex network involving lncRNA627.1.

research Identification of dkk4 as a target of Eda-A1/Edar pathway reveals an unexpected role of ectodysplasin as inhibitor of Wnt signalling in ectodermal placodes

117 citations , April 2008 in “Developmental biology”

Ectodysplasin inhibits Wnt signaling to help form hair follicles.

research Increased risk of chronic fatigue and hair loss following COVID-19 in individuals with hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia

2 citations , September 2021 in “Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases”

People with hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia are more likely to experience long-term fatigue and hair loss after COVID-19.

Dermal β-Catenin Activity in Response to Epidermal Wnt Ligands Is Required for Fibroblast Proliferation and Hair Follicle Initiation

research Dermal β-catenin activity in response to epidermal Wnt ligands is required for fibroblast proliferation and hair follicle initiation

207 citations , March 2012 in “Development”

Skin needs dermal β-catenin activity for hair growth and skin cell multiplication.

research Genotype-phenotype correlation in boys with X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia

35 citations , April 2014 in “American Journal of Medical Genetics”

Boys with less severe EDA mutations in XLHED have milder symptoms and better sweat and hair production.

research Expression of Foxi3 is regulated by ectodysplasin in skin appendage placodes

43 citations , February 2013 in “Developmental dynamics”

Foxi3 expression in developing teeth and hair is controlled by the ectodysplasin pathway.

research Role of genetics and sex steroid hormones in male androgenetic alopecia and female pattern hair loss: An update of what we now know

87 citations , March 2011 in “Australasian Journal of Dermatology”

Genetics and hormones play a role in male and female hair loss, but more research is needed to fully understand it.

research Investigation of the male pattern baldness major genetic susceptibility loci AR/EDA2R and 20p11 in female pattern hair loss

38 citations , February 2012 in “British Journal of Dermatology”

AR/EDA2R gene linked to early-onset female hair loss, but 20p11 gene not involved.

Ectodysplasin-A2 Induces Dickkopf 1 Expression in Human Balding Dermal Papilla Cells Overexpressing the Ectodysplasin A2 Receptor

research Ectodysplasin-A2 induces dickkopf 1 expression in human balding dermal papilla cells overexpressing the ectodysplasin A2 receptor

4 citations , July 2020 in “Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications”

A protein called ectodysplasin-A2 increases a hair growth inhibitor in balding cells, which could be a target for hair loss treatment.