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The guidelines help doctors diagnose and treat hormone-related disorders in women.

A new gene mutation causes vitamin D-resistant rickets and hair loss in two siblings.

We need to learn more about 5α-reductases and neuroactive steroids to safely make drugs targeting these enzymes.

Early diagnosis and hormone therapy can significantly improve outcomes for post-partum pituitary insufficiency in resource-limited settings.

Enzymes called 5α-reductases have many body functions and need more research to safely use inhibitors.

Significant progress was made in understanding androgen excess disorders, but much is still unknown.

There are various effective hormone treatments for puberty induction in boys and girls with hypogonadism, and starting treatment early is important.

The link between physical signs of high male hormones and hormone levels in women with PCOS changes with age.

Hirsutism in young girls can have various causes beyond PCOS, so diagnoses should be reconsidered if treatments don't work.

In post-menopausal women, signs of increased male hormones should be checked for possible ovarian cancer.

People with reproductive, thyroid disorders, and type 2 diabetes can experience voice changes, but more research is needed to understand this better.

The same hormone can affect gene expression differently in various tissues, which could lead to new treatments for conditions like hair loss.

A pineal tumor caused a boy's early puberty, which changed from peripheral to central after treatment.

Losing weight, possibly through bariatric surgery, is key to improving PCOS and hyperandrogenism symptoms in obese patients.

The woman was misdiagnosed with Graves Disease, leading to incorrect treatment, while she actually had Pituitary Resistance to Thyroid Hormone.

A rare ovarian tumor was found in a young woman with a genetic fat disorder.

Anastrozole can cause increased testosterone, leading to symptoms like hair growth and thinning.

A rare genetic mutation causes resistance to vitamin D, leading to severe rickets and requiring high doses of calcium and vitamin D for treatment.

Ovarian stromal hyperplasia can cause high testosterone in postmenopausal women and is treated by removing the ovaries.

The case highlights the complexity of diagnosing high testosterone in older women and the need for thorough testing.

A rare genetic mutation causes resistance to vitamin D, leading to severe rickets and requires high doses of calcium and vitamin D for management.

The patient likely has Chrousos syndrome, a rare condition causing insensitivity to glucocorticoids, requiring high-dose dexamethasone treatment.

Transgender females can reach their target estrogen levels using estradiol patches, especially if oral treatments fail or if they're at risk for blood clots. Often, the highest dose patch is needed.

A rare ovarian tumor caused high male hormone levels, but surgery fixed it.

The woman had a rare adrenal tumor removed, and she recovered well with no signs of the tumor returning.

An over-the-counter vitamin/mineral supplement improved hair loss and blood sugar control in a woman with non-classic 11-hydroxylase deficiency.

A rare adrenal tumor in a woman only made DHEA-S, causing hair thinning, and was removed, fixing the hormone level.

Middle-aged men with unusual hot flashes should be checked for pituitary tumors.

Mosaic Klinefelter syndrome can affect male fertility and may be missed in routine tests.