430 citations
,
July 2002 in “Journal of Endocrinology” The hypothesis suggests that PCOS may start early in life due to genetic and environmental factors, influencing future reproductive and metabolic problems.
162 citations
,
April 2016 in “The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology” Testosterone therapy in transgender men has both desired effects like increased muscle mass and potential health risks such as higher cardiovascular risk.
75 citations
,
July 2013 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Taking low-dose spironolactone and metformin together works better for PCOS symptoms than either drug alone.
56 citations
,
April 2003 in “Fertility and Sterility” All three treatments reduce hirsutism, but spironolactone works best long-term.
44 citations
,
April 2008 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Women with PCOS have similar levels of certain proteins compared to women without PCOS, and these proteins don't independently cause PCOS.
20 citations
,
January 2003 in “Treatments in Endocrinology” Testosterone therapy can help improve mood, sexual function, and bone health in women with low androgen levels, but more research is needed to establish safe and effective guidelines.
17 citations
,
December 2008 in “Dermatology” Taking metformin with intense-pulsed-light therapy improves hair removal for people with PCOS.
13 citations
,
February 2025 in “Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics” Obesity and negative body image harm mental health and quality of life in women with PCOS.
13 citations
,
September 2008 in “Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes” Young women with PCOS without additional risk factors may have normal heart function.
7 citations
,
October 2017 in “The Prostate” Baldness in men with prostate cancer is linked to higher levels of certain sex hormones, but chest hair density is not.
7 citations
,
December 2014 in “Australasian journal of dermatology” Insulin resistance is not more common in idiopathic hirsutism patients than in healthy individuals.
3 citations
,
August 2004 in “International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics” Finasteride doesn't change polycystic ovary size or cyst number, suggesting testosterone's role in their appearance.
1 citations
,
April 2024 in “Sri Lanka Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology/Sri Lanka Journal Of Obstetrics and Gynaecology” PCOS is a common hormonal disorder in women that can lead to serious health problems.
1 citations
,
August 2023 in “South Asian Research Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences” Fetuin A levels are higher in PCOS patients, while asprosin levels show no difference.
November 2025 in “Asian Journal of Medical Sciences” Early menarche may indicate higher risk of severe hirsutism in PCOS patients.
June 2023 in “Journal of multidisciplinary sciences (Online)” PCOS is linked to a higher risk of endometrial cancer but not ovarian or breast cancer, and more research is needed on its role in cancer development and treatment effects.
January 2022 in “Asian Pacific Journal of Health Sciences” Women with PCOS risk had normal height and blood tests but higher weight and common acne or hirsutism.
July 2020 in “International Journal of Research” High testosterone increases heart disease risk in women with PCOS.
January 2003 in “Elsevier eBooks” Androgens and other hormones affect hair growth and skin conditions like acne.
200 citations
,
October 2009 in “European journal of endocrinology” Metformin helps manage polycystic ovary syndrome by improving insulin resistance and ovulation, but more research is needed on its full effects.
122 citations
,
November 1984 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” No single treatment is consistently effective for alopecia areata, and more research is needed.
114 citations
,
January 2014 in “World Journal of Gastroenterology” People with PCOS, especially if obese, often have NAFLD, linked to obesity, insulin resistance, and high androgen levels.
42 citations
,
July 2015 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” The conclusion is that oral contraceptives and antiandrogens can treat hirsutism and acne in women with cutaneous hyperandrogenism, but more research is needed for effective treatments, especially for hair loss.
32 citations
,
January 2007 in “KARGER eBooks” Severe insulin resistance can be managed with medication, lifestyle changes, and treatment for related conditions.
19 citations
,
January 1997 in “Dermatologic Clinics” Most treatments for hair loss in 1997 were not effective for most people, and maintaining hair growth was difficult.
11 citations
,
July 2003 in “The Nurse practitioner” New treatments for PCOS focus on managing symptoms and improving fertility.
9 citations
,
August 2013 in “Middle East Fertility Society Journal” About 7% of Omani women visiting a gynecology clinic had polycystic ovarian syndrome, similar to rates in other countries.
4 citations
,
November 2012 in “Obstetrics, Gynaecology & Reproductive Medicine” Lifestyle changes and clomiphene are first-line treatments for infertility in women with PCOS, with other options available if these fail.
3 citations
,
November 2010 in “Rheumatic Diseases Clinics of North America” Pregnancy can cause symptoms similar to rheumatic diseases, making diagnosis difficult, and affects various body systems, requiring careful distinction between normal changes and serious conditions.
2 citations
,
January 2016 in “Springer eBooks” Fat tissue stem cells show promise for repairing different body tissues and are being tested in clinical trials.