64 citations
,
January 1998 in “Drugs” Dienogest combined with ethinylestradiol is a highly effective birth control that improves menstrual symptoms and has manageable side effects.
February 2021 in “Facta Universitatis” Too much prolactin can cause menstrual problems, infertility, and sexual issues in women.
2 citations
,
February 2025 in “Advanced Healthcare Materials” Perhexiline can effectively target ovarian cancer cells left after treatment.
July 2005 in “TSpace (University of Toronto)” Ghrelin and its receptors likely aren't risk factors for PCOS.
April 2022 in “International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)” PCOD is linked to infertility in women.
2 citations
,
April 2020 in “Clinical and experimental obstetrics & gynecology” Hair levels of estradiol and progesterone are higher in premenopausal than postmenopausal women, but the difference isn't statistically significant, indicating the need for a better measurement method.
53 citations
,
January 1985 in “Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica” Low-dose oral contraceptives reduced hair growth and testosterone levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.
238 citations
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February 2007 in “Journal of Neuroscience” Ovarian and stress hormones can change GABA A receptors through neurosteroids.
January 2010 in “CNR Solar (Scientific Open-access Literature Archive and Repository) (Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche)” Metformin and clomiphene citrate together improve pregnancy chances and reduce miscarriages in women with PCOS.
192 citations
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September 2003 in “The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Journal of clinical endocrinology & metabolism” Metformin is effective for treating excessive hair growth in women with PCOS and may work better than the standard treatment in some ways.
6 citations
,
January 2013 in “Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research” AMH levels are higher in women with PCOS and can indicate the number of small follicles in their ovaries.
14 citations
,
January 2018 in “Endocrinology and Metabolism” Many infertile women with PCOS in Central Vietnam have metabolic or insulin resistance syndrome, with obesity and older age increasing the risk.
August 2013 in “Fertility and Sterility” PCOS may be influenced by factors in the blood, not just the ovaries.
April 2025 in “Middle East Fertility Society Journal” Reference values for nine hormones were established to help diagnose PCOS.
1 citations
,
December 1971 in “PubMed”
3 citations
,
April 2019 in “Hormone and Metabolic Research” Women with PCOS have lower adiponectin hormone levels and are more likely to have insulin resistance.
December 2025 in “Scientific Reports” Gut microbiota and metabolic pathways may play a key role in PCOS development.
32 citations
,
September 2011 in “Journal of Neuroendocrinology” Inhibiting 5α-reductase during late pregnancy shortens gestation, reduces litter size, and harms memory in rat offspring.
7 citations
,
August 2017 in “European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology” Lower vaspin levels in the blood may indicate a better response to fertility treatment in women with PCOS.
41 citations
,
February 2012 in “Journal of Neuroendocrinology” Allopregnanolone helps control oxytocin levels during pregnancy to prevent preterm labor.
4 citations
,
August 2017 in “The Nurse Practitioner” Secondary amenorrhea has many causes and requires thorough evaluation to treat and restore menstrual cycles.
February 2016 in “Evidence Based Women Health Journal (Online)” Women with PCOS had higher SRAGE levels, possibly linked to BMI, not PCOS.
July 2025 in “Annals of Medicine” Gestrinone pellets may help reduce pelvic pain in endometriosis safely.
9 citations
,
May 2019 in “Experimental Cell Research” HPV genes and estradiol increase a cancer-related signaling pathway, which may be targeted for cervical cancer treatment.
54 citations
,
August 2017 in “Gynecological Endocrinology” Lifestyle changes and weight loss are key for treating PCOS-related metabolic issues and infertility, with various medications available for specific symptoms.
June 1995 in “International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics” Higher doses of oestradiol implants improve bone density in postmenopausal women.
5 citations
,
July 2020 in “PubMed” Both oral contraceptives reduced hirsutism in PCOS patients, but adding metformin showed no extra benefit.
88 citations
,
June 2016 in “Human Reproduction Update” New hormonal contraceptives are safer, have fewer side effects, and offer health benefits for women.
September 2008 in “Fertility and Sterility” Exposure to fatty acids significantly increased androgen levels in female dogs, suggesting a link to conditions like insulin resistance and PCOS.
7 citations
,
September 2014 in “Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research” Ultrasound measurement of the ovarian stroma to total area ratio is not a reliable single predictor of high male hormone levels in Thai women with PCOS, but works better when combined with clinical signs.