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January 2006 in “International review of cytology” Vertebrate skin evolved to be more specialized and complex, especially in land animals.
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November 2010 in “Development” Activating Notch in adult skin causes T cells and neural crest cells to gather, leading to skin issues.
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January 2016 in “International review of cell and molecular biology” Cornification evolved from keratinization in vertebrates, with differences between mammals and sauropsids.
May 2023 in “International journal of molecular sciences” The ABCA4 gene protects hair follicle stem cells from toxic vitamin A byproducts.
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March 2011 in “Stem Cell Reviews and Reports” Human epidermal neural crest stem cells can become bone and skin pigment cells, making them useful for therapies.
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January 2014 in “Stem Cells Translational Medicine” Canine epidermal neural crest stem cells could be a promising treatment for spinal cord injuries in dogs.
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March 2019 in “Hygiene and Sanitation” Heavy metals can damage skin and hair in mice.
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January 2025 in “Journal of Medicinal Chemistry” New itaconate prodrugs improve its absorption and effectiveness for treating inflammation.
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June 2023 in “Acta veterinaria” Maternal hypothyroidism harms skin development in rat offspring.
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November 2013 in “Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Education” Keratins are crucial proteins for hair and nails, with a structure that helps teach protein principles.
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December 1989 in “Medical Entomology and Zoology” Effective management of ichthyoses requires genetic counseling and appropriate treatments.
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September 2012 in “Dermatologic Clinics” Some medications can cause hair loss, but stopping the drug usually leads to recovery within 3 months.
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May 2003 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Human skin can produce steroids from cholesterol.
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March 1988 in “International Journal of Dermatology” Retinoids can help treat skin disorders by improving the skin's outer layer.
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May 2008 in “Acta Zoologica” Keratinization in embryos helped vertebrates adapt to land by forming a protective skin barrier.
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August 1990 in “PubMed” Keratins K1 and K10 are found in the inner root sheath and cuticle of human hair follicles.
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May 2013 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” Skin development in mammals is controlled by key proteins and signals from underlying cells, involving stem cells for maintenance and repair.
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July 2002 in “EMBO journal” Normal skin cell renewal doesn't need RAR signaling, but vitamin A-related skin thickening does.
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August 2020 in “Food Research” Plant extracts like Avicennia marina, Boehmeria nipononivea, and Camellia sinensis could potentially treat hair loss with fewer side effects than synthetic drugs.
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January 2015 in “World Journal of Stem Cells” Hair follicle regeneration needs special conditions and young cells.
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February 2018 in “Polymers” Chitin and chitosan are useful in cosmetics for oral care, haircare, and skincare, including UV protection and strength improvement.
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May 2011 in “Cell death and differentiation” A20 protein is crucial for normal skin and hair development.
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December 2016 in “PloS one” A specific protein in chicken embryos links early skin layers to feather development.
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April 2004 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” The enzyme 25 Hydroxyvitamin D 1 α-Hydroxylase is essential for healthy skin and recovery after skin damage.
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April 2016 in “Nature Communications” Notch1 helps skin heal by attracting specific immune cells.
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August 2007 in “American Journal of Pathology” Overexpressing the mineralocorticoid receptor in mouse skin causes skin thinning, early skin barrier development, eye issues, and hair loss.
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July 2007 in “Development” TAF4 is important for skin cell growth and helps prevent skin cancer in mice.
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December 2005 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology” Niacin derivatives may increase hair fullness in women with hair loss.