The estrogen receptor pathway controls hair growth cycles and affects skin cell growth.
Nizoral improved menstrual cycles and reduced hair growth in patients with hyperandrogenism.
January 1986 in “Journal of Steroid Biochemistry” Lower testosterone levels in men may be linked to a higher risk of severe coronary artery disease.
October 2024 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Gender-affirming hormone therapy affects metabolism differently based on treatment type.
May 2025 in “Veterinary Medicine and Science” Melatonin improved reproductive function in male Pomeranian dogs with Alopecia X, but more research is needed.
Women with androgenetic alopecia (hair loss) have normal prostate specific antigen levels but higher testosterone levels.
April 2017 in “Reactions Weekly” Man experienced sexual dysfunction, depression, breast growth, and skin discoloration after taking finasteride for hair loss.
May 2015 in “Endocrine Abstracts” Both finasteride and metformin effectively treat PCOS by reducing hormone levels and insulin resistance.
January 2013 in “Acta Universitatis Traditionis Medicalis Sinensis Pharmacologiaeque Shanghai” Huoxue Bushen Mixture effectively treats female pattern hair loss by balancing hormones.
January 2013 in “Guiding Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy” The combined therapy effectively treats androgenetic alopecia.
April 2012 in “Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature” Early hair loss in men could be a sign of non-cancerous prostate enlargement, and treating hair loss early might help prevent prostate issues later.
August 1993 in “Journal of Dermatological Science” Testosterone metabolism in balding scalp cells may not be the main cause of hair loss.
186 citations
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February 1980 in “Clinical Endocrinology” During puberty, hormone levels rise, with early increases in some steroids and most menstrual cycles becoming regular by six years after menarche.
33 citations
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December 2017 in “Journal of neuroendocrinology” Sex and stress steroids quickly change brain cell structures in the hippocampus.
24 citations
,
May 2015 in “Molecular and clinical oncology” Honey and bee pollen can help reduce menopausal symptoms in breast cancer patients.
16 citations
,
August 1989 in “Human Reproduction” Hirsutism in females is caused by high male hormones or sensitive hair follicles.
10 citations
,
March 2019 in “Journal of neuroendocrinology” Testosterone affects stress hormone levels differently in adolescent and adult male rats.
1 citations
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July 2024 in “Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology” Oral dutasteride is effective and safe for treating frontal fibrosing alopecia.
December 2024 in “Australasian Journal of Dermatology” Topical finasteride can cause breast enlargement and tenderness in men.
June 2002 in “Current obstetrics and gynaecology/Current obstetrics & gynaecology” Hirsutism, excessive hair growth in women, often caused by high androgen levels and polycystic ovary syndrome, can be treated with medication and weight management.
November 2017 in “Reactions Weekly” Testosterone undecanoate caused hair loss; finasteride improved it but caused stomach issues for one patient.
Androgen receptors significantly affect hair loss in women with androgenetic alopecia.
192 citations
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September 2003 in “The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Journal of clinical endocrinology & metabolism” Metformin is effective for treating excessive hair growth in women with PCOS and may work better than the standard treatment in some ways.
169 citations
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November 2009 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Prepubertal girls have higher sex steroid levels than boys, possibly leading to earlier puberty.
117 citations
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May 2017 in “Human Reproduction Update” The update highlights that non-classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia is common in women with excess male hormones, requires specific hormone tests for diagnosis, and has various treatment options depending on age and symptoms.
108 citations
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March 2006 in “Archives of Dermatology” Finasteride with oral contraceptive helps improve hair loss in premenopausal women.
108 citations
,
January 2003 in “Fertility and Sterility” Flutamide may slightly improve hair loss in women, but finasteride does not work.
92 citations
,
February 2005 in “Endocrinology” Estrogen receptors affect hair growth, with ER beta slowing down the hair cycle changes caused by ER alpha.
78 citations
,
October 2003 in “Cochrane library” Cyproterone acetate with estradiol may subjectively improve excessive hair growth in women, but it's not clinically better than other treatments.
75 citations
,
March 1999 in “Fertility and sterility” Finasteride, CPA, and flutamide are all equally effective in reducing excessive hair growth in women.