May 2022 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” The enzyme 5α-reductase is important for proper blood vessel development during the fertility-related transformation of the uterus lining.
4 citations
,
February 2009 in “Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey” Testosterone patches can modestly improve sexual function in postmenopausal women not on estrogen therapy.
1 citations
,
October 2023 in “Journal of clinical psychopharmacology” Divalproex sodium can cause pleural effusion, which stops when the drug is discontinued.
December 2013 in “Estudo Geral (Universidade de Coimbra)” Modified steroidal inhibitors showed promise in treating hormone-dependent cancers.
April 2026 in “Frontiers in Medicine” Enfortumab vedotin can cause skin issues, especially in older males, needing early monitoring.
22 citations
,
January 2015 in “The Cochrane library” DHEA may help with sexual function when used intravaginally by menopausal women but is similar to hormone therapy in other aspects and might cause more side effects like acne and hair loss.
22 citations
,
October 2018 in “British Journal of Haematology” Women have a higher risk of blood clots from hormonal factors and need careful treatment, especially during pregnancy.
4 citations
,
November 2022 in “Frontiers in endocrinology” The enzyme 5α-reductase type 1 is important for blood vessel development and fertility in the uterus.
21 citations
,
February 2005 in “Epilepsy & Behavior” Reducing 3α,5α-THP in the hippocampus increases seizures in female rats.
October 2025 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Goserelin injections can effectively manage hyperandrogenism symptoms in postmenopausal women who can't have surgery.
September 2023 in “Biology of reproduction” New testosterone analogs show promise for male contraception with better activity and potentially fewer side effects.
7 citations
,
August 1985 in “British journal of dermatology/British journal of dermatology, Supplement” Medroxyprogesterone acetate injections are more effective than topical ointment in treating excessive hair growth in women.
2 citations
,
February 2023 in “F&S Reports” Elagolix did not effectively treat polycystic ovary syndrome.
January 2020 in “Nihon Yakuri Gakkai nenkai yoshishu” Reducing 5α-reductase activity helps endometrial cells differentiate, aiding pregnancy.
August 2022 in “Indonesian Journal of Medical Chemistry and Bioinformatics” Certain herbal compounds might help prevent hair loss in menopausal women by activating Vitamin D receptors.
37 citations
,
September 2003 in “Journal of Medicinal Chemistry” A substance called Compound 2g can strongly block STS (a hormone-related enzyme) without affecting estrogen levels, making it potentially good for treating breast cancer.
22 citations
,
June 2002 in “Journal of Medicinal Chemistry” Compounds 15, 20, and 25 are strong inhibitors of human steroid 5α-reductase type 2.
February 2023 in “Reactions Weekly”
13 citations
,
October 2010 in “Seizure” Extended-release valproate effectively reduced seizures and improved quality of life in epilepsy patients over 6 months, with some side effects.
1 citations
,
December 2025 in “Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings” Leuprolide may better manage cholesterol and blood pressure in PCOS than spironolactone.
February 2024 in “Hormones” Future hormone therapy trials should match the diverse needs and priorities of the gender-diverse community.
July 2025 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”
7 citations
,
January 2018 in “Reproduction” Inhibiting 5α-reductase increases progesterone levels in late pregnant mares.
May 2025 in “Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies” Thorough evaluation is crucial for postmenopausal women with virilization to detect rare ovarian tumors.
26 citations
,
January 1994 in “Hormone and Metabolic Research” Taking spironolactone and linestrenol for androgen excess can lead to lower bone density in young women.
1 citations
,
July 2024 in “Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics”
18 citations
,
November 2007 in “Annals of Surgery” Finasteride reduces inflammation and improves immune response after trauma by altering hormone levels.
March 2026 in “Seven Editora eBooks” Testosterone creams and gels can be effective but have serious risks and should be used only with medical supervision.
23 citations
,
October 2008 in “Journal of medicinal chemistry” PF-998425 is a new, effective, and non-phototoxic treatment for skin conditions related to androgens.
20 citations
,
January 2007 in “Fertility and Sterility” A woman developed male traits from accidental contact with her husband's testosterone gel.