23 citations
,
September 2015 in “International Journal of Molecular Medicine” Activating ER-β, not ER-α, improves skin cell growth and wound healing.
187 citations
,
December 2005 in “Experimental Dermatology” Estrogens can improve skin aging but carry risks; more research is needed on safer treatments.
159 citations
,
July 2006 in “Endocrine Reviews” Estrogens significantly influence hair growth by interacting with receptors in hair follicles and may help regulate the hair growth cycle.
31 citations
,
January 2017 in “Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology” Low testosterone and 5α-reductase inhibitors can harm men's metabolic and sexual health; testosterone therapy may help, but discussing 5α-RIs' side effects is important.
27 citations
,
April 2011 in “Folia Histochemica et Cytobiologica” DHT deficiency can disrupt cell connections in rat testes, possibly affecting fertility.
9 citations
,
March 2020 in “Gene” Certain gene variants in estrogen receptors are linked to polycystic ovary syndrome, mainly affecting metabolism, in Tunisian women.
7 citations
,
March 2012 in “European Journal of Pediatrics” A boy with a rare skin condition and kidney disease improved with cyclosporine after steroids failed, suggesting a new treatment approach.
January 2019 in “ISGE series” Estrogen helps prevent artery plaque by stopping monocyte capture in blood vessels.
1 citations
,
January 1986 in “Journal of Steroid Biochemistry” Women with excessive hair growth or polycystic ovary disease may more often carry a gene variant for 21 hydroxylase deficiency.
130 citations
,
June 2003 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings” Estrogen Receptor ß (ERß) is the main hormone controller in human skin and hair follicles, not Estrogen Receptor α (ERα) or the Androgen Receptor (AR).
14 citations
,
December 2010 in “Seminars in Oncology” Rare adrenal cancers that secrete androgens or estrogens have a poor prognosis and are treated primarily with surgery.
9 citations
,
January 2016 in “Skin Pharmacology and Physiology” The study concluded that both estrogen and androgen receptors, which decrease with age, are linked to skin aging and may be hormonally regulated.
3 citations
,
December 2016 in “Journal of epidemiological research” Estrogen and androgenic hair increase melanoma risk, especially in European-ancestry individuals.
December 2014 in “Bali Medical Journal” Females have higher estrogen receptor levels in hair than males, and these levels decrease in white hair compared to black hair.
117 citations
,
May 2017 in “Human Reproduction Update” The update highlights that non-classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia is common in women with excess male hormones, requires specific hormone tests for diagnosis, and has various treatment options depending on age and symptoms.
January 2026 in “Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience” Neurosteroids like neuro-estrogen and neuro-androgen are crucial for brain function and can improve cognition and protect against aging-related decline.
14 citations
,
January 2013 in “Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism” Women with congenital adrenal hyperplasia have lower fertility, but with proper treatment, they can conceive successfully.
3 citations
,
May 1990 in “Journal of Steroid Biochemistry” Some women with excess hair growth have a hormone condition that can't be diagnosed by blood or urine tests alone.
39 citations
,
April 2018 in “Hormones” No consistent link between genotype and phenotype in 5-α-Reductase type 2 deficiency.
14 citations
,
February 2018 in “Psychoneuroendocrinology” Mice lacking steroid 5α-reductase 2 show less aggression and better impulse control.
13 citations
,
January 2019 in “Endocrine journal” Dihydrotestosterone treatment can help penis growth in boys with 5α-reductase deficiency but doesn't fully normalize size after puberty.
5 citations
,
May 2019 in “Hormone and Metabolic Research” Women with nonclassic 21-hydroxylase deficiency can have successful pregnancies through IVF, with certain factors affecting their chances.
Low vitamin D3 is not linked to different levels of thyroid hormones in people with autoimmune thyroid disease.
November 2025 in “International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology” Hormones significantly affect hair growth and loss, requiring personalized treatment.
November 2004 in “Medical Journal of Indonesia” Hormonal imbalances can cause skin and hair problems in women, and treatments that block male hormones can help.
149 citations
,
January 2011 in “Nature reviews. Urology” Hormonal interactions, especially involving DHT and estrogen, play a key role in BPH development and treatment.
99 citations
,
June 1999 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Testosterone replacement may help some postmenopausal women with symptoms like fatigue and low libido, but more research is needed to fully understand its effects.
44 citations
,
October 2011 in “Gynecological Endocrinology” Menopause significantly reduces skin collagen, leading to thinner, less elastic skin, and hormone replacement may help but requires careful consideration.
28 citations
,
January 2009 in “Cellular & Molecular Biology Letters” DHT deficiency increases iNOS expression in rat testis and epididymis.
18 citations
,
February 2016 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Advancements in male reproductive medicine are ongoing, but more research and improved treatments are needed in several areas.