January 2026 in “Immunological Reviews” Females generally have stronger immune responses than males due to the X chromosome.
4 citations
,
May 2022 in “PeerJ” Melatonin may help hair growth by affecting cell growth and hair-related signaling pathways.
22 citations
,
January 2021 in “Clinical Therapeutics” Men face more severe COVID-19 outcomes, while women are more likely to have long-term symptoms.
4 citations
,
June 2025 in “MedComm” PROTACs show promise for cancer treatment, but designing them effectively is challenging.
3 citations
,
May 2024 in “Frontiers in Physiology” Sex hormone supplements help improve breathing and nerve recovery after spinal injury in rats.
1231 citations
,
May 2001 in “Hypertension” Men generally have higher blood pressure than premenopausal women, but postmenopausal women's blood pressure can surpass men's, and hormone therapy doesn't significantly help.
14 citations
,
January 2015 in “Hormones and Cancer” Androgen receptor inactivation delays skin cancer onset and reduces incidence in mice, with gender differences in susceptibility.
4 citations
,
March 2017 in “Development” Estrogen is important for keeping adult mouse nipple skin healthy by controlling certain cell signals.
59 citations
,
April 2016 in “Breast Cancer Research and Treatment” Targeting vitamin D and androgen receptors may effectively treat triple-negative breast cancer, especially with chemotherapy.
16 citations
,
January 2003 in “Nuclear Receptor Signaling” Androgens and SARMs play a role in body mass, frailty, skin health, and hair growth, and are used in treating prostate cancer, acne, and hair loss, with potential for new uses and improved versions in the future.
12 citations
,
December 2012 in “Current Drug Targets” The Androgen Receptor could be a target for treating diseases like cancer, but more research is needed to confirm the effectiveness of potential treatments.
45 citations
,
August 2005 in “Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry” New compounds with carborane showed anti-androgen effects similar to flutamide.
33 citations
,
December 2015 in “Neuroendocrinology” Finasteride treatment changes brain steroid levels and receptors, affecting brain function even after stopping treatment.
108 citations
,
September 2002 in “The Journal of clinical investigation/The journal of clinical investigation” Lowering testosterone speeds up wound healing in male mice.
91 citations
,
May 2003 in “American Journal of Pathology” Prolactin affects hair growth cycles and can cause early hair follicle regression.
73 citations
,
June 2001 in “Endocrinology” Prolactin affects when mice shed and grow hair.
68 citations
,
April 2014 in “Journal of Molecular Endocrinology” The document concludes that targeting the androgen receptor may be a promising breast cancer treatment, especially for certain types.
60 citations
,
February 2013 in “Cell reports” The balance between androgen receptor and p53 is crucial for sebaceous gland differentiation.
39 citations
,
December 2001 in “JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute” Using a gene therapy with the Sonic Hedgehog gene helps mice regrow hair faster after losing it from chemotherapy.
14 citations
,
June 2001 in “Endocrinology” Prolactin affects when mice shed and grow hair.
12 citations
,
June 2013 in “The Prostate” Dutasteride and finasteride affect different cell types differently.
January 2026 in “Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences” A new method helps diagnose alopecia areata using specific gene markers and could guide targeted treatments.
July 2020 in “Bioinformatics and Bioengineering” Found key genes affecting hair loss, immune response, and skin development; more research needed for better treatments.
402 citations
,
August 2011 in “Cancer research” Prostate cancer cells can make their own androgens to activate the androgen receptor, and treatments like abiraterone may increase this ability, suggesting new therapies should target the entire steroid-making pathway.
40 citations
,
November 2009 in “Experimental Dermatology” The mineralocorticoid receptor may play a role in skin and hair health and could be a new target for treating related disorders.
11 citations
,
May 2010 in “Journal of Medicinal Chemistry” A new compound was created in 2010 that can control oil production when applied to the skin, and its effects are completely reversible after two weeks.
6 citations
,
May 1997 in “Journal of Dermatological Science” Researchers found a gene in hamsters that responds to male hormones and may be indirectly controlled by them.
3 citations
,
February 2019 in “Animal biotechnology” The PLP2 gene affects cashmere fiber quality in goats and is linked to hair growth and loss.
October 2023 in “Frontiers in endocrinology” Androgens and androgen receptors are important for metabolic health, affecting how the body uses glucose and fats through mitochondrial function.
December 2012 in “Journal of Dermatological Science” Estrogen increases a growth factor in hair cells which might affect hair loss.