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We need to learn more about 5α-reductases and neuroactive steroids to safely make drugs targeting these enzymes.

Transgender women can develop feminine traits and improve their quality of life through hormone therapy and surgery, but results vary and access to surgery can be limited.

Estrogen increases blood vessel growth factor production, while testosterone blocks this increase.

Balding men had lower bone density, while balding women had higher hip bone density.

17β-estradiol boosts APE1/Ref-1 secretion in cells and mice via a calcium-dependent pathway.

Sex hormones' effects on COVID-19 are unclear and more research is needed to understand their potential as treatment.

Erosive lichen sclerosus is a distinct subtype with specific skin features, and treatment led to complete resolution in half of the cases.

5-alpha reductase inhibitors, like finasteride and dutasteride, may cause depression, but more research is needed to understand why.

Men born very underweight had higher estrogen levels but normal reproduction compared to normal birth weight men.

PCOS causes infertility mainly due to hormonal imbalances, insulin resistance, and chronic inflammation.

The cause of Frontal fibrosing alopecia, a type of hair loss, is complex, likely involving immune responses and genetics, but is not fully understood.

Dutasteride for hair loss might increase the risk of a rare stroke type.

Bicalutamide may effectively treat female pattern hair loss with minimal side effects.

Topical corticosteroids are the main treatment for Erosive Pustular Dermatosis, but recurrence is common after stopping treatment.

Testosterone and its metabolites affect brain functions and could help treat neurological disorders.

Hormones play a key role in skin aging, with estrogen and testosterone declines affecting skin health.

G-1 promotes hair growth in female mice by activating specific signaling pathways.

Gender-affirming hormone treatments need better patient-focused outcome measurements and standardized data collection.

Dihydrotestosterone makes arteries stiffer in female mice by reducing estrogen receptor expression.

Gender-affirming hormone therapy improves physical performance in trans men to the level of cisgender men, while in trans women, it increases fat mass and decreases muscle mass, with no advantage in physical performance after 2 years.

Some treatments for hair loss, like finasteride, biotin, and minoxidil, can be effective, but their success varies by individual case.

Enzymes called 5α-reductases have many body functions and need more research to safely use inhibitors.

Hormones like testosterone and estrogen significantly affect hair growth and structure.

Long-term use of azole antifungals can cause hair loss, hormonal imbalances, and severe skin reactions.

Prenatal pesticide exposure may cause earlier breast development in girls.

Clove essential oil nanoemulgel effectively reduces skin inflammation and is a promising alternative to traditional anti-inflammatory drugs.

Two new compounds were found to build bone and muscle without affecting reproductive organs and skin oil glands.

Gender-affirming hormone therapy affects health risks and requires careful management, especially as transgender individuals age.

Hair loss in two ferrets was caused by ovarian tissue tumors, not adrenal issues.

Men are more at risk for severe COVID-19 due to biological differences, suggesting the need for targeted treatments.