October 2024 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” Rodent models of PCOS show some similar and some different lipid changes compared to humans.
11 citations
,
July 2001 in “APMIS. Acta pathologica, microbiologica et immunologica Scandinavica./APMIS” Estrogens are key for bone growth spurts in both boys and girls and affect growth into adulthood.
282 citations
,
October 2006 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” The Endocrine Society advised against routine testosterone therapy for women, citing a need for more research on long-term safety and a clear definition of androgen deficiency.
January 2021 in “Research Square (Research Square)” 150 kHz electromagnetic radiation may improve polycystic ovary condition in rats.
Nipple area expansion in mice needs both pregnancy hormones and mechanical strain.
7 citations
,
August 2010 in “Medicinal Chemistry Research” Some synthesized compounds were more effective than Finasteride in reducing prostate cancer cell growth and androgen levels.
4 citations
,
December 2021 in “Archivio italiano di urologia andrologia” Certain drugs, especially antiandrogens and spironolactone, significantly increase the risk of gynecomastia.
January 2026 in “International Journal of Endocrinology” Lowering HER2 levels with certain drugs may reduce metabolic syndrome risk in women.
1 citations
,
November 2024 in “Expert Opinion on Drug Safety” Aromatase inhibitors can cause various adverse reactions, so monitoring is crucial.
October 2022 in “Springer eBooks” The document concludes that personalized hormonal treatments are important for transgender individuals and more research is needed for non-binary treatments.
61 citations
,
January 2017 in “Human Reproduction Open” The review recommends hormone replacement therapy for women with premature ovarian insufficiency to manage symptoms and protect health, with specific approaches for different groups.
515 citations
,
April 2003 in “Endocrine Reviews” Androgens and DHEA can help prevent breast cancer and improve health in women.
186 citations
,
February 1980 in “Clinical Endocrinology” During puberty, hormone levels rise, with early increases in some steroids and most menstrual cycles becoming regular by six years after menarche.
42 citations
,
December 1976 in “PubMed” Cyproterone acetate and ethinylestradiol effectively reduce hirsutism and acne in women.
8 citations
,
April 2019 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Postmenopausal women with hyperandrogenism didn't have better metabolic health even after their testosterone levels became normal.
October 2025 in “F1000Research” Postmenopausal women with excess male hormones may have ovarian tumors, and surgery usually cures them.
35 citations
,
November 1989 in “Journal of steroid biochemistry/Journal of Steroid Biochemistry” Epitestosterone may act as a weak antiandrogen and can inhibit an enzyme involved in testosterone metabolism.
January 2004 in “Online Publication Service of Würzburg University (Würzburg University)” Women with PCOS have higher 5alpha-reductase activity, affecting steroid levels.
9 citations
,
June 1999 in “Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica” Oral contraceptives are effective for treating hyperandrogenism, while ovarian electrocautery is better for women with infertility.
November 2022 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A woman's masculine symptoms were caused by a rare tumor in her left ovary, which was found using a special blood test.
10 citations
,
January 2017 in “The World Allergy Organization journal” Gender differences affect allergy prevalence, severity, and response to environmental toxins, with women often more affected than men.
October 2024 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Leydig cell tumors can cause high testosterone and symptoms in postmenopausal women, and removing them improves symptoms.
3 citations
,
May 2023 in “Endocrine Abstracts” PCOS has three subtypes, with 11-oxygenated androgens increasing metabolic risk.
4 citations
,
January 1991 in “Journal of dermatological treatment” Goserelin and oestradiol treatment slightly improved hairiness but did not significantly change sebum production or hair characteristics in mildly hirsute women.
7 citations
,
April 2011 in “American journal of obstetrics and gynecology” A woman's virilization symptoms were caused by her partner's use of testosterone cream, which resolved after they separated.
30 citations
,
May 2015 in “Current Cardiology Reviews” Lower testosterone increases heart disease risk; higher estradiol increases risk in women.
451 citations
,
March 2005 in “Endocrine Reviews” The enzyme steroid sulfatase is linked to breast cancer and other conditions, and inhibitors are being developed for treatment.
166 citations
,
October 2018 in “Endocrine Reviews” Hormone treatments for transgender individuals generally improve mental health and physical transition, with some health risks that require medical supervision.
2 citations
,
October 1988 in “Steroids” Certain hormone treatments can increase SBP levels and help with mild body hair growth.
January 2016 in “AACE Clinical Case Reports” Treatment restored normal sexual characteristics and blood condition in a patient with testicular cancer.