113 citations
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April 1999 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Cyproterone acetate-estrogen most effective for hirsutism, but consider side effects and patient needs.
93 citations
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June 2001 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Certain genetic variations in the AR and ERβ genes can affect androgen levels in women.
92 citations
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February 2005 in “Endocrinology” Estrogen receptors affect hair growth, with ER beta slowing down the hair cycle changes caused by ER alpha.
77 citations
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April 2004 in “Gene expression patterns” The three estrogen receptor genes are highly expressed in zebrafish neuromasts during development.
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December 1995 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Leuprolide plus estrogen is more effective than oral contraceptives for reducing hirsutism.
72 citations
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November 2002 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Estrogen receptor α controls hair growth cycles and skin thickness in male mice.
71 citations
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February 2000 in “Endocrinology and metabolism/American journal of physiology: endocrinology and metabolism” Estradiol stops hair growth in mice, but an antagonist can reverse this effect.
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May 1991 in “The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Journal of clinical endocrinology & metabolism” Both cyproterone acetate and spironolactone effectively reduce hair growth in women with hirsutism.
67 citations
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December 2009 in “International Journal of Dermatology” Hormonal changes in skin may cause stretch marks.
67 citations
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January 2007 in “Climacteric” Estrogens and SERMs can help with skin aging, but their safety and effectiveness need more research.
58 citations
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February 2018 in “Journal of cosmetic dermatology” Estrogen helps keep skin healthy and may make women look younger and more attractive.
51 citations
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August 2012 in “Differentiation” Mouse genital development depends on male or female hormones for specific features.
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July 1974 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Low estrogen and high testosterone may cause excessive hair growth in women.
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January 2006 in “PubMed” Androgens and estrogens are crucial for male reproductive health, affecting hormone levels and tissue function.
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July 2012 in “PLOS ONE” Estrogen can temporarily slow down hair growth but this can be reversed.
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July 2001 in “PubMed” Estrogens can reduce DHT production in hair follicles, but are less effective than finasteride and progesterone.
38 citations
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May 2010 in “American Journal Of Pathology” 17β-Estradiol slows wound healing in male mice through estrogen receptor-α.
36 citations
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July 1980 in “Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health” High doses of ethynylestradiol in rats caused growth issues, organ changes, and some tumors, but didn't increase overall tumor rates.
32 citations
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October 2015 in “Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience” DHT is needed for long-term depression, while E2 is needed for full long-term potentiation in male rat brains.
30 citations
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March 2008 in “Wound Repair and Regeneration” Estrogen affects scalp cell types differently, enhancing some wound healing processes.
25 citations
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November 2013 in “PLoS ONE” Estrogen and androgen signals control synaptic changes in rat brains.
24 citations
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October 2012 in “The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology” Testosterone protects female heart cells from stress by activating estrogen receptors.
23 citations
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April 1999 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” All treatments reduce hair growth; low dose flutamide most effective with fewer side effects.
19 citations
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March 1998 in “Endocrinology” Male rats have more somatostatin neurons than females due to testosterone converting to estrogen during early development.
19 citations
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March 1994 in “Fertility and sterility” The combination therapy reduced hirsutism in women with PCOD and was well-tolerated.
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August 2019 in “Clinical breast cancer” Local hormonal treatment for vulvovaginal atrophy is likely safe for women with estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer on aromatase inhibitors.
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March 2017 in “Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology” Testosterone helps prevent skin damage in males by acting through both estrogen and androgen pathways.
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October 2004 in “Experimental Gerontology” Changes in testosterone and estrogen receptor genes can affect how men age, influencing body fat, hair patterns, and possibly leading to skin disorders.
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November 2009 in “Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology/The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology” Bolandiol, a synthetic steroid, builds muscle and bone without greatly affecting sex glands, and works differently from other hormones.
11 citations
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July 1998 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” β-estradiol slows hair growth in mice.