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September 1997 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” People with hair loss have more androgen receptors and enzymes in certain follicles, with men and women showing different patterns.
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August 2011 in “Cancer research” Prostate cancer cells can make their own androgens to activate the androgen receptor, and treatments like abiraterone may increase this ability, suggesting new therapies should target the entire steroid-making pathway.
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June 2005 in “Genes & development” β-catenin is essential for stem cell activation and proliferation in hair follicles.
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December 1986 in “The journal of cell biology/The Journal of cell biology” Hair and nail cells share similar proteins, indicating a common differentiation pathway.
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March 2016 in “Nature Communications” IL-17-producing γδ T cells help improve bone healing.
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July 2016 in “International Journal of Biological Macromolecules” Polysaccharides have many health benefits and are used in drugs, but isolating and purifying them is complex and requires careful methods.
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July 2002 in “Molecular Endocrinology” Removing part of the vitamin D receptor stops vitamin D from working properly.
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January 2008 in “Journal of biomedical optics” Zinc oxide nanoparticles in sunscreen do not penetrate deep into the skin.
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July 2010 in “Cell” Mutations in the SRD5A3 gene cause a new type of glycosylation disorder by blocking the production of a molecule necessary for protein glycosylation.
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November 2011 in “The EMBO Journal” Wnt1/βcatenin signaling is crucial for heart repair after injury.
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January 1998 in “Genes & Development” Hoxc13 gene is essential for hair, nail, and papilla development.
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February 2016 in “Science” Hair loss and aging are caused by the breakdown of a key protein in hair stem cells.
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February 2018 in “Polymers” Chitin and chitosan are useful in cosmetics for oral care, haircare, and skincare, including UV protection and strength improvement.
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January 1998 in “Journal of Endocrinology” Cells from balding scalps have more androgen receptors than cells from non-balding scalps.
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December 2010 in “The Journal of Sexual Medicine” Some patients taking finasteride or dutasteride may have ongoing sexual problems and depression even after stopping the medication.
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January 2005 in “Endocrine journal” Melatonin is important for skin health and protection, and can be made by the skin or applied to it.
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March 2004 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” 5% and 2% minoxidil solutions effectively promote hair growth and reduce hair loss, with 5% being slightly more effective but having more side effects.
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October 2013 in “Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America” Mice lacking the PPARγ gene in their fat cells had almost no fat tissue, severe metabolic problems, and abnormal development of other fat-related tissues.
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November 1997 in “Planta” Calcium affects where root hairs grow, but other unknown factors determine their growth direction.
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January 2019 in “Neuropsychopharmacology” Male and female bodies respond differently to stress, influenced by hormones and development stages, with implications for stress-related diseases.
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February 2015 in “Nature Communications” Fungi-produced compounds can change plant root growth.
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April 2019 in “ACS nano” A new microneedle patch made from hair proteins helps regrow hair faster and better than current treatments.
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February 2002 in “Archives of Dermatology” Some herbal therapies may help with skin conditions, but more research is needed to confirm their safety and effectiveness.
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October 2002 in “The FASEB journal” Androgens may cause hair loss by increasing TGF-beta1 from scalp cells, which inhibits hair cell growth.
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December 2018 in “Nature Communications” Researchers created human hair follicles using a new method that could help treat hair loss.
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June 2017 in “Biomaterials” Special fiber materials boost the healing properties of certain stem cells.
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December 2007 in “BJCP. British journal of clinical pharmacology/British journal of clinical pharmacology” Hair follicles significantly increase the speed and amount of caffeine absorbed through the skin.
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June 2002 in “Journal of Neuroscience” Androgens can help prevent memory problems caused by apoE4.
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April 2005 in “The American journal of pathology (Print)” Capsaicin, found in chili peppers, can slow down hair growth by affecting skin cells and hair follicles.
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July 2007 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” A substance called DKK-1 increases in balding areas and causes hair cells to die when exposed to DHT.