75 citations
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August 2006 in “International Journal of Pharmaceutics” The eucalyptus oil system improved skin delivery of hormones, but safety concerns remain.
May 2021 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Transgender females can reach their target estrogen levels using estradiol patches, especially if oral treatments fail or if they're at risk for blood clots. Often, the highest dose patch is needed.
4 citations
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December 1994 in “PubMed” Cyproterone acetate with estradiol improved women's self-confidence and emotional well-being without a difference between oral or transdermal methods, but younger women preferred the oral method.
5 citations
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January 2007 in “Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology” 17β-Estradiol boosts allergic reactions and slows thymus aging in mice.
April 2016 in “International Journal of Drug Delivery” The ethosomal formulation improved finasteride delivery through the skin.
14 citations
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August 1943 in “Archives of Dermatology” Applying estradiol to skin causes local changes but not cancer.
October 2025 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” The patient was satisfied with hormone therapy, and her epilepsy remained stable.
October 2022 in “Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies” GnRH-a or orchiectomy is more effective than anti-androgens for managing hormone levels in transgender women.
May 1963 in “American journal of obstetrics and gynecology” Injecting 2 ml of TEEV every 4 weeks is better because it has the same benefits but fewer side effects.
1 citations
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January 2014 in “Side effects of drugs annual” Hormonal contraceptives and related compounds can increase health risks like thrombosis and affect sexual function.
17 citations
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August 1971 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” January 2002 in “NCSU Libraries Repository (North Carolina State University Libraries)” 17b-Estradiol in skin affects hair growth and tumor promotion.
35 citations
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October 2005 in “European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics” Polymers increased skin permeation and stability of steroid hormones in liposomal formulations.
January 2021 in “Figshare” Tiny lipid particles carrying 17-α-estradiol gather in hair follicles, which may help target alopecia treatment.
June 2020 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” 17α-estradiol extends lifespan and improves metabolism in male mice through the estrogen receptor α.
January 2002 in “Chinese Journal of Pharmaceuticals” A new method was developed to make a compound used in finasteride and epristeride with a 69% yield.
June 1995 in “International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics” Higher doses of oestradiol implants improve bone density in postmenopausal women.
1 citations
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January 2000 in “PubMed” The treatment slightly increased hair growth and was safe for most women.
2 citations
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January 2023 in “Redox Report” Estradiol may protect ear cells from hearing loss caused by a chemotherapy drug by activating a protective pathway.
January 2020 in “Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society” Tiny lipid particles loaded with a hormone gather in hair follicles, which may help treat hair loss.
65 citations
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April 2007 in “Chemistry and Physics of Lipids” Steroid hormones change the size, charge, and stability of DPPC liposomes.
4 citations
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March 2023 in “IP International Journal of Comprehensive and Advanced Pharmacology” The new drug delivery system improves exemestane's absorption and effectiveness.
September 2023 in “Biology of reproduction” New testosterone analogs show promise for male contraception with better activity and potentially fewer side effects.
9 citations
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March 2023 in “GeroScience” December 1982 in “PubMed” Hormonal contraceptives are highly effective but require medical evaluation due to potential health risks.
22 citations
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January 2001 in “Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin” Some new progesterone derivatives are better at blocking testosterone conversion than a common drug.
9 citations
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August 2021 in “Biomedicines” 17β-estradiol boosts APE1/Ref-1 secretion in cells and mice via a calcium-dependent pathway.
13 citations
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January 2005 in “Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin” Smaller substituents at C-17 enhance the inhibitory activity of progesterone derivatives on 5alpha-reductase.
A new lipid-based formula using myristyl myristate can improve estradiol treatment for hair loss.
24 citations
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July 1980 in “Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health” High doses of norethindrone acetate in rats caused various organ changes but didn't significantly increase tumor rates.