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January 2023 in “Cancer Research” AMPK activation may reduce melanoma risk in red-haired individuals.
Retinoids can help treat skin pigmentation disorders by affecting melanin production.
May 2021 in “International journal of developmental research” Estrogens and progesterone are key in regulating melasma pigmentation.
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August 2017 in “Clinical case reports” A rare skin condition causes red and dark patches on the face and limbs.
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February 2010 in “Journal of Cell Science” Human dermal stem cells can become functional skin pigment cells.
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December 1981 in “Journal of Endocrinology” α-MSH increases melanin production in moulting hair follicles, while AVT inhibits it.
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December 2010 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Hair follicle cells age faster and lose pigment due to less catalase, causing hair to turn gray.
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August 2000 in “Pigment cell research” Melanocyte activity in hair follicles is linked to the hair growth cycle, being active in growth phases and inactive in rest phases.
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April 2011 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” A3B5 can reduce skin pigmentation and slow melanoma growth.
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February 2023 in “Biology” Innovative cosmetics could safely change hair color by targeting biological hair pigmentation processes.
October 2023 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” Early regulatory T cells are crucial for normal skin pigmentation.
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November 2022 in “Experimental dermatology” Melatonin may inhibit melanoma growth and has potential as a cancer therapy aid, but its effects on human skin pigmentation need more research.
October 2019 in “European Journal of Dermatology” The boy's hair and skin color differences are due to a pigmentation disorder.
January 2004 in “Linchuang pifuke zazhi” All-trans retinoic acid helps amelanotic melanocytes in hair follicles develop and produce pigment while reducing their growth.
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November 2011 in “Skin Research and Technology” The study found a specific pattern of uneven melanin distribution on balding scalps that could help understand skin diseases caused by light exposure.
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July 2002 in “Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine” Tyrosinase and gp100 proteins can help diagnose and treat melanoma.
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November 2010 in “Pigment cell & melanoma research” We need more research on human hair follicle pigmentation, not just mouse models.
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June 2025 in “Pigment Cell & Melanoma Research” SASH1 gene mutations are linked to various inherited skin pigmentation disorders.
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May 2020 in “Acta pharmaceutica” Protocatechuic acid can reduce melanin production and boost antioxidant activity in hair follicles.
January 2024 in “Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology” Dermatologists should customize cosmetic treatments for dark-skinned patients to minimize risks and complications.
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June 1986 in “Pediatric Dermatology” Androgens increase pigmentation in young hamsters, but estrogens can reverse this effect.
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September 2008 in “Clinical and experimental dermatology” Repigmentation in vitiligo may come from melanocyte stem cells in the skin.
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April 2018 in “Nature Genetics” New genetic locations explain much of hair color variation in Europeans.
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September 2015 in “Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology” Yellow and orange colors are important for diagnosing certain skin conditions.
Retinoids or their analogs could treat skin pigmentation disorders like melasma and vitiligo.