34 citations
,
September 2007 in “Experimental Dermatology” The outer layer of Merino wool is rich in sulfur proteins, making it resistant to damage.
11 citations
,
January 2000 in “Journal of cosmetic science” Hydrolyzed wheat proteins penetrate all hair types effectively.
January 2017 in “대한미용학회지” The cuticle layer in hair follicles thickens during keratinization due to incomplete cytosol loss.
11 citations
,
January 2016 in “Biointerphases” The hair's outermost surface has multiple layers of lipids and proteins.
30 citations
,
April 2009 in “Mycoses” Microsporum gypseum fungus breaks down keratin in hair by digesting it enzymatically, starting with less keratinized parts.
27 citations
,
May 2019 in “Cosmetics” The hair cuticle is made of tough proteins that protect the hair, but more research is needed to fully understand its structure.
10 citations
,
January 2010 in “International journal of trichology” Keratin-associated proteins are part of the developing hair fiber cuticle.
8 citations
,
January 2016 in “Journal of fiber science and technology” Bleaching hair increases cysteic acid levels in a predictable way.
March 2026 in “Journal of the mechanical behavior of biomedical materials/Journal of mechanical behavior of biomedical materials” Hair cuticles remain stable and resilient under stress due to strong protein content and crosslinking.
July 2016 in “Indian journal of science and technology” Neonate scalp hair is thinner, lacks a medulla, and has smaller follicles compared to adult hair.
May 2022 in “Experimental dermatology” Trichothiodystrophy hair is structurally abnormal with protein and organization issues.
7 citations
,
November 2004 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” Hair breaks differently when wet or dry and is affected by its condition and treatments like perms and bleaching.
15 citations
,
January 1992 in “Sen'i Gakkaishi” The Cell Membrane Complex in hair has both water-attracting and water-repelling layers.
30 citations
,
January 1994 in “Micron” Mature hair surfaces are formed by keratinized cells with developed layers, not just modified plasma membranes.
25 citations
,
May 2019 in “Cosmetics” 18-MEA and cationic surfactants can restore and maintain hair's hydrophobic nature, improving its beauty and feel.
75 citations
,
November 1965 in “Textile research journal” Papain and bisulfite break down human hair by dissolving parts of it.
6 citations
,
December 2018 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” CARB is a strong barrier in human hair that prevents dye penetration.
January 2003 in “Research Portal (King's College London)” Hair color affects light reflection, with black hair having higher cuticle angles and lighter hair showing less specular reflection.
3 citations
,
January 1998 in “ACTA HISTOCHEMICA ET CYTOCHEMICA” Hair keratins are mainly on macrofibrils in the cortex and in the endocuticle in the cuticle.
36 citations
,
October 2014 in “Langmuir” Bleaching hair removes its protective top layer and exposes more hydrophilic groups, changing its chemical surface and affecting how it interacts with products.
17 citations
,
December 2002 in “Biochemical and biophysical research communications” Scientists found out how a specific protein in human hair cuticles behaves and is structured.
8 citations
,
March 2018 in “Cosmetics” UV radiation damages hair by creating holes and peeling cuticle layers.
January 2005 in “Seibutsu Butsuri/Seibutsu butsuri” Chemical treatments damage hair more than UV exposure, making it thinner and less flexible.
54 citations
,
October 2002 in “Journal of controlled release” Medium lipophilic substances penetrate skin best, and adding ethanol can increase delivery to hair follicles.
10 citations
,
January 2002 in “Nihon Keshouhin Gijutsushakaishi/Journal of S C C./Nihon Keshouhin Gijutsushakai kaishi” The cuticle significantly contributes to hair stiffness, making up about 60% of the total bending stress.
40 citations
,
April 1999 in “Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry” S100A3 protein is mainly found in specific parts of human hair cells.
15 citations
,
October 2004 in “Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces” Holes in mature hair are likely caused by the removal of substances during hair care.
2 citations
,
July 2019 in “Cosmetics” Beautiful hair is flexible and elastic due to its unique double-layered structure and can be enhanced with succinic acid treatment.
7 citations
,
August 2006 in “Biopolymers” Researchers extracted tiny keratin filaments from human hair by unzipping its outer layer.
4 citations
,
January 2000 Piedraia hortae fungi dissolve both the outer and inner layers of hair.