7 citations
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May 2024 in “Tissue Barriers” The skin's outer layer relies on lipids and proteins to protect against damage.
1 citations
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January 1992 in “Bangladesh Journal of Animal Science” Camel skin has typical mammalian layers, with hair follicles, glands, and muscles, varying by body area.
15 citations
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July 2004 in “Journal of morphology” Monotreme hair structure and protein distribution are similar to other mammals, but their inner root sheath cornifies differently, suggesting a unique evolution from reptile skin.
August 2019 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” The study found that tight junctions reach the top layer of the skin's stratum granulosum, not just the second top layer as previously thought.
20 citations
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December 2010 in “Journal of Morphology” Lizard claws have hair-like keratins similar to those in mammals.
25 citations
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October 1962 in “Journal of Ultrastructure Research” The hair follicle structure is more complex than thought, with new findings on protein formation.
February 2022 in “Cosmetic Dermatology” Healthy skin prevents water loss and protects against threats.
1 citations
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July 2023 in “Journal of developmental biology” Bird foot scales develop differently and can repair but not fully regenerate due to the lack of specialized stem cell areas.
7 citations
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March 1986 in “British Veterinary Journal” Canine skin has two main layers: the epidermis and dermis, with a supportive subcutis layer.
28 citations
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September 2013 in “European Journal of Histochemistry” Keratins in Malayan pangolins vary by region, suggesting scales evolved from the tail towards the head.
35 citations
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September 1994 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” 64 citations
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April 1992 in “Differentiation” Sciellin is a protein that helps form protective layers in skin, hair, and nails.
26 citations
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January 1964 in “Experimental Cell Research”
March 2015 in “Plastic and reconstructive surgery” Human skin has multiple layers and functions, with key roles in protection, temperature control, and appearance.
Pangolin scales evolved for protection, hardening with age, due to keratin gene diversification.
73 citations
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January 2016 in “International review of cell and molecular biology” Cornification evolved from keratinization in vertebrates, with differences between mammals and sauropsids.
18 citations
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January 2018 in “Advances in experimental medicine and biology” Hair keratins evolved from ancient proteins, diversifying through gene changes, crucial for forming claws and later hair in mammals.
38 citations
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December 2006 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Keratin patterns in hair follicles help understand hair growth and potential hair and nail disorders.
126 citations
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January 1987 in “Current topics in developmental biology/Current Topics in Developmental Biology” Different keratin proteins are expressed in various epithelial cells at different stages, affecting cell structure and function.
9 citations
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January 1990 in “Skin Pharmacology and Physiology” The method and source of keratinocytes affect the structure of reconstructed skin.
21 citations
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June 2003 in “Journal of Morphology” Monotreme and marsupial skin proteins show primitive features and species-specific differences compared to placental mammals.
December 2021 in “Journal of natural fibers” The conclusion is that new methods for isolating hair cuticle cells and removing the cuticle layer are effective and convenient.
2 citations
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January 1989 Researchers developed a method to grow skin-like tissue from hair cells.
11 citations
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January 2013 in “Veterinary dermatology” Keratinocytes from dog hair follicles can create a functional skin layer in a lab model, useful for dog skin therapy.
36 citations
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December 2004 in “British Journal of Dermatology” The cyst had unusual keratin spherules and resembled bone marrow.
3 citations
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December 2020 The interdigital gland in crossbred sheep is similar to skin and has specialized structures for secretion.
5 citations
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February 2014 in “PloS one” Eyelid cells share signaling components but differ in pathway activity.
23 citations
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January 1986 Involucrin is crucial for skin cell maturation and protection.
February 1990 in “PubMed” Hair follicle cells and skin cells differ in keratinization and other features.
April 2023 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Deleting the Hoxc13 gene in frogs shows its crucial role in developing skin structures similar to hair.