421 citations
,
April 2012 in “The New England Journal of Medicine” Alopecia Areata is an autoimmune condition causing hair loss with no cure and treatments that often don't work well.
384 citations
,
June 2005 in “Genes & development” β-catenin is essential for stem cell activation and proliferation in hair follicles.
326 citations
,
February 2009 in “The American journal of pathology” Lgr5 is a marker for active, self-renewing stem cells in the intestine and skin, important for tissue maintenance.
308 citations
,
September 2010 in “Nucleic acids research” Increasing mir-302 turns human hair cells into stem cells by changing gene regulation and demethylation.
253 citations
,
March 2006 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Exposure to too much androgen before birth might cause polycystic ovary syndrome later in life.
232 citations
,
January 2013 in “Nature Cell Biology” Understanding where cancer cells come from helps create better prevention and treatment methods.
158 citations
,
August 2011 in “Reviews in endocrine and metabolic disorders” Vitamin D and its receptor regulate skin functions like cell growth, immunity, hair cycle, and tumor prevention.
151 citations
,
December 2004 in “Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences” Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia is a genetic disorder with two forms, causing symptoms like early puberty and severe acne, but can be identified through screening and treated with glucocorticoids.
146 citations
,
May 2002 in “The American journal of pathology” Cathepsin L is essential for normal hair growth and development.
140 citations
,
April 2004 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” The enzyme 25 Hydroxyvitamin D 1 α-Hydroxylase is essential for healthy skin and recovery after skin damage.
113 citations
,
March 2018 in “Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society” Animals that change color with the seasons mainly do so in response to daylight changes, but climate change is causing camouflage problems that may require evolutionary changes.
106 citations
,
October 2016 in “Cell Stem Cell” PDGFA/AKT signaling is important for the growth and maintenance of certain skin fat cells.
103 citations
,
March 2011 in “PLoS Biology” Birds can lose neck feathers due to a genetic change that increases a gene's activity, helping them adapt to heat.
103 citations
,
January 2011 in “Blood” Thymus transplantation successfully restored immune function in infants with FOXN1 deficiency.
101 citations
,
November 2011 in “Nature Communications” Wnt/β-catenin signaling is crucial for cell fusion in placental development.
98 citations
,
June 2001 in “Journal of biological chemistry/The Journal of biological chemistry” A cluster of sulfur-rich hair protein genes was found on chromosome 17.
93 citations
,
April 2003 in “Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America” Fatty acid transport protein 4 is essential for skin and hair development.
92 citations
,
June 2005 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” All-trans retinoic acid causes hair loss by increasing TGF-β2 in hair follicle cells.
92 citations
,
November 2003 in “The Journals of Gerontology” Testosterone supplements can increase muscle mass and strength in older men with low levels, but long-term effects and risks need more research.
91 citations
,
August 2015 in “Anais Brasileiros De Dermatologia” Female Pattern Hair Loss affects women's self-esteem and needs more research for better treatment.
91 citations
,
May 2003 in “American Journal of Pathology” Prolactin affects hair growth cycles and can cause early hair follicle regression.
88 citations
,
July 2008 in “Development” BMP2 and BMP7 have opposite roles in feather formation.
85 citations
,
August 2015 in “Journal of Applied Genetics” Mutations in specific genes disrupt development of sweat glands, teeth, hair, skin, and nails in HED.
85 citations
,
July 2002 in “Pigment Cell Research” The article concludes that while we understand a lot about how melanocytes age and how this can prevent cancer, there are still unanswered questions about certain pathways and genes involved.
84 citations
,
July 2003 in “European journal of biochemistry” Mouse skin can produce and process serotonin, with variations depending on hair cycle, body location, and mouse strain.
81 citations
,
July 2008 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Certain mutations in the H6PD gene cause Cortisone Reductase Deficiency by affecting hormone production.
78 citations
,
January 2000 in “Gynecological Endocrinology” Norgestimate is the most effective birth control progestin for reducing an enzyme linked to acne and excessive hair growth in women.
71 citations
,
August 2005 in “The journal of investigative dermatology. Symposium proceedings/The Journal of investigative dermatology symposium proceedings” Hair keratin-associated proteins are essential for strong hair, with over 80 genes showing specific patterns and variations among people.
69 citations
,
August 1999 in “Developmental biology” The nude gene causes skin cell overgrowth and improper development, leading to hair and urinary issues.
65 citations
,
July 2006 in “Journal of biological chemistry/The Journal of biological chemistry” The gene Foxq1, controlled by Hoxc13, is crucial for hair follicle differentiation.