March 2024 in “Middle East Fertility Society Journal/Middle East Fertility Society Journal ” PCOS patients have more central body fat, which can be effectively measured using DEXA.
February 2024 in “Clinical and Experimental Obstetrics & Gynecology” PCOS women have more arm fat and higher insulin resistance and glucose levels than non-PCOS women.
270 citations
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April 2007 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Women with PCOS often have more belly fat and higher insulin levels, but belly fat isn't the only cause of their insulin resistance.
149 citations
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December 2007 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Women with PCOS have overall higher body fat, not abnormal fat placement, and more insulin resistance.
3 citations
,
December 1994 in “JEADV. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology/Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology” Oral itraconazole effectively reaches and treats deep skin layers in guinea pigs.
200 citations
,
October 2009 in “European journal of endocrinology” Metformin helps manage polycystic ovary syndrome by improving insulin resistance and ovulation, but more research is needed on its full effects.
The document recommends a multidisciplinary approach and experience sharing to advance facial feminization surgery as a medical field.
27 citations
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October 2016 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Daughters of women with PCOS generally experience normal puberty but may have more body hair and different body fat distribution.
15 citations
,
January 2002 in “Gynecological endocrinology” Hormones affect skin aging and fat distribution, and treatments can help, but only minoxidil is proven for female hair loss.
5 citations
,
March 2001 in “Clinics in Dermatology” Diagnose and manage hair issues in women by checking medical conditions and using personalized treatments.
4 citations
,
December 2002 in “Gynecological Endocrinology” Estrogens can slow skin aging after menopause, but can't restore youthful skin.
December 2025 in “Reports of Morphology” Men with alopecia areata have different body fat distribution compared to healthy men.
January 2024 in “Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine” New findings may help diagnose and understand scarring alopecia better.
7 citations
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February 2018 in “International Journal of Pharmaceutics” Researchers developed a method to measure drugs in hair follicles and found that both water-loving and fat-loving drugs can be detected after being applied to the skin.
November 2022 in “Scientific Reports” Certain ESR1 gene variations may affect hormone levels and fat distribution in women with high male hormone levels.
22 citations
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October 2011 in “Bone” Androgens affect bone and fat cell development differently based on the cells' embryonic origin.
90 citations
,
February 2013 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Women with PCOS have more body fat and thicker fat layers in certain abdominal areas than women without PCOS.
16 citations
,
July 2007 in “Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America” The document suggests using fat grafting and laser therapy to improve the aging Asian face and hair restoration techniques tailored to Asian hair characteristics, emphasizing natural results and cultural sensitivity.
1 citations
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June 2001 in “Annals of Internal Medicine” Troglitazone increases subcutaneous fat in lipodystrophy patients.
November 2022 in “PubMed” Deep dermal tissue dislocation injury in pigs leads to thicker fibrotic tissue and increased type III collagen, affecting skin repair.
MFN2 mutations cause mitochondrial problems, unusual fat distribution, and low leptin despite high body fat.
September 2002 in “Fertility and sterility” Metformin can start ovulation and may lower 17P response in PCOS, but six months is too short to improve hair growth or change body fat distribution.
January 2001 in “Clinical and Experimental Dermatology” A test for nail fungus was most accurate with PAS stain, low-dose spironolactone helped two-thirds of acne patients, metformin reduced symptoms of HIV-related fat distribution changes with some side effects, and skin examination with dermoscopy was better at detecting abnormal moles, while temporary tattoos can cause skin reactions.
MFN2 mutations cause mitochondrial problems, leading to more upper body fat and lower leptin levels.
10 citations
,
August 2022 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” Leptin-deficient mice, used as a model for Type 2 Diabetes, have delayed wound healing due to impaired contraction and other dysfunctional cellular responses.
506 citations
,
March 2005 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Testosterone therapy improves physical function, strength, and body composition in older men with low testosterone levels.
204 citations
,
May 2014 in “The Journal of Sexual Medicine” Hormone therapy for trans individuals is effective and generally safe in the short term.
102 citations
,
January 2010 in “Mediators of Inflammation” PCOS is linked to obesity and inflammation, increasing cardiovascular risk.
46 citations
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July 1988 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” Hormone imbalances can cause specific skin changes, which may help in early detection of endocrine disorders.
28 citations
,
December 2013 in “British Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery” The document concludes that understanding the anatomical changes of the ageing face is important for effective rejuvenation treatments.