January 2026 in “Clinics in Dermatology” Managing menopause symptoms like skin changes and hair thinning involves hormone therapy, procedures, and skincare, with emotional support being important.
36 citations
,
June 2001 in “Neuroscience Letters” Finasteride may affect fetal brain development and increase arousal, but more research is needed for safety confirmation.
2 citations
,
March 2025 in “Lynchburg Journal of Medical Science” Testosterone is important for women's health, but more research is needed to guide its use.
Finasteride may cause changes in dopamine-related genes, possibly leading to post-finasteride syndrome.
123 citations
,
May 2020 in “Drug Development Research” Men's sensitivity to male hormones might affect how severe COVID-19 gets for them.
Gender-diverse individuals face more depression and anxiety, possibly due to unique stress profiles.
120 citations
,
October 2007 in “Clinical Interventions in Aging” Estrogens help reduce skin aging, and SERMs might offer similar benefits without the risks of hormone therapy.
July 2013 in “Edinburgh Research Archive (University of Edinburgh)” Dutasteride may reduce insulin sensitivity and increase body fat.
120 citations
,
April 2019 in “The Journal of clinical investigation/The journal of clinical investigation” Both estrogens and androgens are important for health in both males and females.
3 citations
,
February 2017 in “Archives of Medical Science” Finasteride treatment changes Cx43 in rat testes, possibly causing fertility issues.
36 citations
,
January 2014 in “The Journal of Sexual Medicine” Testosterone may help increase sexual events for women with low libido due to antidepressants.
33 citations
,
January 2016 in “Skin appendage disorders” The document concludes that sexual and psychiatric side effects from 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors are reported, but more high-quality research is needed to understand how often they occur.
14 citations
,
January 2015 in “Hormones and Cancer” Androgen receptor inactivation delays skin cancer onset and reduces incidence in mice, with gender differences in susceptibility.
2 citations
,
March 2018 in “Current Opinion in Urology” 5-alpha reductase inhibitors can cause sexual, neurologic, endocrine, and cardiovascular side effects, but these are rare and usually stop after ending treatment.
9 citations
,
August 1992 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” March 2025 in “Dermatology Online Journal” Dermatologists should guide transgender patients on effective hair growth and loss treatments during hormone therapy.
27 citations
,
May 2008 in “Neuroscience” Finasteride given to baby rats causes anxiety-like behavior and worsens learning from punishment in adult rats.
3 citations
,
March 2019 in “Post Reproductive Health” Testosterone replacement can help menopausal women with various symptoms, but should be used carefully and is not yet officially licensed in the UK for women.
1 citations
,
October 2025 in “EBioMedicine” Women have a higher DHT/testosterone ratio than men, possibly due to gut bacteria activity.
March 1997 in “Journal of Endocrinology/Journal of endocrinology” Excessive hair growth in women can be treated with medications like spironolactone and finasteride, and male-pattern baldness in women can be improved with similar treatments.
20 citations
,
November 2019 in “Biomolecules” Finasteride reduces response to stress and rewards, affecting behavior and mental health.
4 citations
,
December 2002 in “Gynecological Endocrinology” Estrogens can slow skin aging after menopause, but can't restore youthful skin.
18 citations
,
January 2002 in “Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin/Chemical and pharmaceutical bulletin” New pregnane derivatives were more effective than finasteride at inhibiting a key enzyme for male pattern baldness.
49 citations
,
October 1988 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Leuprolide effectively reduces hair growth in hirsute women at higher doses.
31 citations
,
January 1995 in “The American journal of medicine” Testosterone and dihydrotestosterone play a role in women's health issues like excess hair and baldness, and treatments blocking these hormones may help.
April 2006 in “Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes” Testosterone therapy can help improve sexual function, mood, and bone density in women with low androgen levels, but more research is needed on long-term safety.
January 2003 in “Zhonghua shiyan waike zazhi” Androgen, especially DHT, is crucial for erectile function in rats by affecting specific brain neurons.
October 2010 in “Journal of Men's Health” The conclusion is that doctors should be careful when prescribing 5α-reductase inhibitors due to possible serious side effects, and they should discuss these risks with patients.