131 citations
,
March 2004 in “The American journal of pathology” Modulating BMP activity changes the number, size, shape, and type of ectodermal organs.
May 2025 in “International Journal of Reproduction Contraception Obstetrics and Gynecology” Ovarian tumors should be considered when postmenopausal women show signs of virilization.
31 citations
,
March 2009 in “Archives of Facial Plastic Surgery” The hairline-lowering surgery was effective, safe, and left patients satisfied with few complications.
32 citations
,
January 2018 in “American Journal of Clinical Dermatology” Hormone therapy affects hair growth in transgender individuals, with testosterone potentially causing hair loss in trans men and estrogen reducing facial/body hair in trans women; treatment options vary.
December 2024 in “Australasian Journal of Dermatology” Topical finasteride can cause breast enlargement and tenderness in men.
85 citations
,
March 2002 in “Body & Society” The document concludes that cosmetic surgery is still mainly a practice for women and the gender gap in this field is expected to continue.
March 2026 in “Mendeley Data” March 2026 in “Mendeley Data” January 2026 in “Mendeley Data”
38 citations
,
October 2014 in “Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes and Obesity” 5-alpha reductase deficiency leads to male sexual development issues and treatments like finasteride help with prostate enlargement and hair loss.
May 2023 in “The journal of sexual medicine” Ovarian Hyperthecosis caused hypersexuality in an older woman and was successfully treated with surgery.
April 2020 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A woman's severe hirsutism was caused by Leydig cell tumors in her ovaries, which improved after surgery.
48 citations
,
January 2005 in “Treatments in Endocrinology” Men who strongly follow traditional masculinity are more likely to have cosmetic surgery to feel powerful and successful.
November 2022 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” An 8-year-old boy's early puberty was caused by a rare hormone-secreting brain tumor, which was successfully treated with surgery.
8 citations
,
November 2019 in “Dermatologic Clinics” AGA treatments like minoxidil and LLLLT are safe and effective for gender minority patients.
20 citations
,
January 2007 in “Fertility and Sterility” A woman developed male traits from accidental contact with her husband's testosterone gel.
204 citations
,
May 2014 in “The Journal of Sexual Medicine” Hormone therapy for trans individuals is effective and generally safe in the short term.
9 citations
,
November 2013 in “Gynecological Endocrinology” A woman had high testosterone due to an ovarian issue, which was fixed with surgery.
November 2022 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Removing the ovarian tumor improved the woman's hormonal symptoms.
August 2025 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology” Hairline transplants improve forehead appearance and satisfaction in East Asian women.
April 2024 in “JCEM case reports” A man's breast enlargement from low-dose finasteride for hair loss didn't go away, even with treatment, and might be more common than reported.
September 2025 in “Journal of Cutaneous and Aesthetic Surgery” Beard hair can be successfully transplanted to the moustache area for facial hair restoration with high patient satisfaction.
13 citations
,
November 1959 in “Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences” September 2004 in “Fertility and Sterility” Norplant implants lower some androgen levels but don't significantly change sexual function.
September 2024 in “Uro-Technology Journal” November 2024 in “Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas” April 2020 in “International journal of reproduction, contraception, obstetrics and gynecology” A postmenopausal woman with hair loss and hirsutism improved after surgery to remove an ovarian tumor.
July 2021 in “Archives of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery” The combined surgery effectively rejuvenates the upper face without serious complications.