20 citations
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April 2021 in “Journal of Womens Health” Testosterone can help premenopausal and postmenopausal women with low sexual desire, but its long-term safety is unclear and it's not widely approved for this use.
1 citations
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September 1981 in “PubMed” Cyproterone acetate effectively treats virilized women, especially under 35, despite some side effects.
157 citations
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May 2016 in “Plastic and reconstructive surgery/PSEF CD journals” Facial feminization surgery is safe and patients are satisfied, but more detailed research is needed.
May 2021 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Transgender females can reach their target estrogen levels using estradiol patches, especially if oral treatments fail or if they're at risk for blood clots. Often, the highest dose patch is needed.
August 2009 in “International Journal of Dermatology” A postmenopausal woman's facial redness, acne, and excess hair were caused by too much hormone therapy for insomnia, but improved after stopping the treatment.
January 2024 in “Cosmetics” Menopause worsens skin, hair, and nails, affecting self-esteem and quality of life.
100 citations
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July 2004 in “The Journal of Sexual Medicine” Hormones like estrogen, testosterone, progesterone, and prolactin play complex roles in female sexual function, with testosterone potentially improving sexual desire, arousal, and satisfaction. However, more research is needed to establish safe and effective hormone treatments for female sexual dysfunction.
5 citations
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September 2022 in “Facial Plastic Surgery & Aesthetic Medicine” Facial feminization surgery helps make facial features more feminine, improving patient satisfaction and safety.
January 2014 in “Side effects of drugs annual” Exposure to certain sex hormones can increase health risks, while some hormone therapies may offer benefits for specific conditions.
19 citations
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March 1994 in “Fertility and sterility” The combination therapy reduced hirsutism in women with PCOD and was well-tolerated.
37 citations
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February 2013 in “Maturitas” Testosterone therapy is beneficial for women's health and does not cause masculinization or liver damage, and it protects the heart and breasts.
46 citations
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December 1992 in “The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology” Affected males are born with ambiguous genitalia, raised as females, but develop male traits at puberty due to enzyme deficiency.
December 2025 in “International Journal of Innovative Technologies in Social Science” Localized estrogen treatments may improve skin quality with fewer risks than systemic hormone therapy.
3 citations
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March 2022 in “Transgender Health” More research is needed to improve lower body gender affirmation techniques.
10 citations
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January 2019 in “Archives of Endocrinology and Metabolism” Testosterone therapy may slightly increase sexual desire in women with HSDD but lacks broad recommendation due to safety concerns and limited approval.
October 2025 in “Contribuciones a las Ciencias Sociales” Alopecia in transgender individuals on hormone therapy can worsen emotional distress and affect self-esteem.
February 2026 in “Frontiers in Endocrinology” Testosterone therapy improved symptoms in a woman with congenital adrenal hyperplasia.
May 2019 in “The Journal of Sexual Medicine” Flibanserin's effectiveness for low sexual desire in premenopausal women may vary based on hormone levels, with normal hormone levels showing better responses.
1 citations
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October 2021 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” The document concludes that treatments for hair loss in transgender and gender-diverse individuals include topical solutions, oral medications, laser therapy, and hair restoration procedures, with progress assessed after 6-12 months.
282 citations
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October 2006 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” The Endocrine Society advised against routine testosterone therapy for women, citing a need for more research on long-term safety and a clear definition of androgen deficiency.
January 2026 in “Clinics in Dermatology” Managing menopause symptoms like skin changes and hair thinning involves hormone therapy, procedures, and skincare, with emotional support being important.
January 2014 in “Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University)”
82 citations
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February 1989 in “The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Journal of clinical endocrinology & metabolism” A three-month treatment with a GnRH agonist significantly lowered androgen levels and 5α-reductase activity in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia.
March 2026 in “The Journal of Sexual Medicine” Hormone therapy can improve sexual health and quality of life for women 70 and older.
9 citations
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January 1997 in “Gynecological Endocrinology” The document concludes that treating androgen excess needs patience, managing expectations is important, and many drugs used are not officially approved, suggesting cosmetic options for mild cases.
1 citations
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October 2017 in “Elsevier eBooks” Antiandrogens can treat female hormonal conditions, but environmental ones may harm reproductive health.
4 citations
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June 1990 in “Postgraduate medicine” Medication can effectively reduce hair growth and improve life quality for women with hirsutism.
137 citations
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June 2005 in “Climacteric” Estrogen loss during menopause worsens skin health, but hormone replacement therapy may improve it, though more research is needed.
1 citations
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July 2021 in “Clinical and Experimental Dermatology” Finasteride helps reduce hidradenitis suppurativa symptoms in females.
29 citations
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May 1975 in “Clinical Endocrinology” Combination therapy significantly reduces testosterone and moderately reduces hair growth in women with hirsutism.