9 citations
,
July 2024 in “Internal Medicine Journal” Gender-affirming hormone therapy improves mental health and gender incongruence but requires careful management of cardiovascular and cancer risks.
3 citations
,
October 2022 in “International Journal of Impotence Research” Testosterone Replacement Therapy can improve sexual health in postmenopausal women with low sexual desire, but more research is needed on its long-term effects.
204 citations
,
May 2014 in “The Journal of Sexual Medicine” Hormone therapy for trans individuals is effective and generally safe in the short term.
2 citations
,
September 1971 in “Metabolism, clinical and experimental” Dihydrotestosterone has a reduced effect on muscle-building in people with testicular feminization syndrome, especially after their gonads are removed.
59 citations
,
August 2004 in “Human Reproduction Update” Testosterone replacement can help women with low libido and mood, but they need to have enough estrogen first to avoid side effects.
6 citations
,
September 1998 in “The Journal of The British Menopause Society” Testosterone replacement may help postmenopausal women with sexual function and bone density, but suitable treatments are limited.
3 citations
,
March 2019 in “Post Reproductive Health” Testosterone replacement can help menopausal women with various symptoms, but should be used carefully and is not yet officially licensed in the UK for women.
November 2022 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A transman experienced lasting virilization symptoms after stopping testosterone, which were resolved with estradiol treatment.
116 citations
,
December 2013 in “The Journal of Pediatrics” Most youth with gender dysphoria received hormones, had minor complications, and showed a decrease in suicide attempts after treatment.
1 citations
,
January 2010 in “Endocrine abstracts”
28 citations
,
October 2018 in “Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology” Testosterone therapy seems safe and effective for transgender men with proper care, but more long-term research is needed.
2 citations
,
January 2019 Hormonal contraceptives and therapies regulate organ functions and treat various conditions.
28 citations
,
October 1998 in “Baillière's clinical endocrinology and metabolism” Testosterone replacement may help post-menopausal women with androgen insufficiency, but more research is needed on its benefits and risks.
October 2025 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” The patient was satisfied with hormone therapy, and her epilepsy remained stable.
1 citations
,
April 2022 in “Indian Journal of Plastic Surgery” Hormone therapy greatly improves the quality of life for adults seeking gender reaffirmation, but more research is needed in India.
25 citations
,
September 2014 in “Pharmacotherapy” Hormone therapy can improve mental health and quality of life for people with gender dysphoria, but long-term effects need more research.
6 citations
,
April 2019 in “Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America” Testosterone therapy for transmasculine individuals is generally safe with medical supervision, improves mental health, and has mixed effects on physical health.
October 2024 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Gender-affirming hormone therapy affects metabolism differently based on treatment type.
51 citations
,
April 1999 in “The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology” Testosterone replacement may improve sexual desire and bone health in women with low androgen levels, but more research is needed on its long-term safety.
11 citations
,
May 2022 in “World Journal of Biological Chemistry” Progesterone may help trans women with breast development and health, but more research is needed.
October 2025 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Hormone Replacement Therapy improves skin health in postmenopausal women by boosting collagen and hydration.
October 2022 in “Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies” GnRH-a or orchiectomy is more effective than anti-androgens for managing hormone levels in transgender women.
36 citations
,
May 2011 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Treatment with a hormone agonist can reduce excess male hormones in postmenopausal women without surgery.
3 citations
,
February 2021 in “JAMA Dermatology” Masculinizing hormone therapy increases the risk of hair loss in transgender and gender-diverse patients.
99 citations
,
June 1999 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Testosterone replacement may help some postmenopausal women with symptoms like fatigue and low libido, but more research is needed to fully understand its effects.
16 citations
,
October 1996 in “PubMed” Hormone replacement therapy can improve skin aging in postmenopausal women.
45 citations
,
March 2015 in “Clinical Endocrinology” Testosterone therapy is generally safe for transmen, improves sexual function, and has manageable health risks with proper monitoring.
10 citations
,
February 2016 in “The Journal for Nurse Practitioners” Healthcare providers need better education and resources to give competent and sensitive care to transgender patients.
37 citations
,
May 2018 in “Transgender health” Oral estradiol works for many transgender women but needs personalized dosing and monitoring.
11 citations
,
November 2022 in “Journal of Endocrinological Investigation” Hormonal treatments can change hair and skin in transgender people, but may not fully achieve desired results.