658 citations
,
June 2003 in “Endocrine reviews” Male hormones may play a role in the development of heart disease, and more research is needed to understand their effects.
28 citations
,
March 1942 in “Journal of Endocrinology” Male rats grow hair faster than females, and certain hormones can slow or slightly increase hair growth, but not significantly beyond natural rates.
1 citations
,
September 2012 in “Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism” Androgen replacement therapy can improve libido and mood in women with severe androgen deficiency, but more research is needed on its long-term safety.
November 2014 in “PharmaTutor” Finasteride may help postmenopausal women with hair loss but is not effective for all and should be used cautiously in premenopausal women.
15 citations
,
June 2020 in “Experimental Dermatology” Hormones and genes affect hair growth and male baldness.
April 2014 in “The FASEB Journal” Testosterone reduces knee movement, while flutamide and finasteride increase it.
8 citations
,
January 1987 in “Gynecological Endocrinology” Flutamide, an antiandrogen, has minimal impact on female rat endocrine systems and does not significantly change their reproductive cycles.
15 citations
,
September 1973 in “PubMed” High androgen levels often cause female hirsutism and infertility.
3 citations
,
October 1993 in “Endocrinology”
86 citations
,
March 1993 in “Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology” Finasteride affects male rat genitalia development, causing abnormalities during specific pregnancy days.
January 2014 in “edoc (University of Basel)” Anabolic steroids and inflammation can disrupt androgen metabolism, potentially causing health issues.
December 2015 in “OPAL (Open@LaTrobe) (La Trobe University)” Estrogen speeds up hair follicle cell death, causing early hair growth cycle changes, but only if a specific receptor is present.
5 citations
,
October 2010 in “General and Comparative Endocrinology” Flutamide and finasteride reduced sex hormones in pregnant hyenas, but increased them in males.
20 citations
,
October 2017 in “Clinical Endocrinology” The conclusion is that removing both ovaries is the best treatment for excess male hormones in postmenopausal women, with medication as another option, and managing insulin resistance is important for diagnosis and treatment.
13 citations
,
January 2020 in “Neuroscience” Blocking 5α-reductase can harm memory and brain structure, and increase harmful brain changes in male mice used for Alzheimer's disease research.
1 citations
,
June 2021 in “Singapore Medical Journal” Dutasteride and finasteride can help increase hair growth gene expression but need further improvement.
6 citations
,
January 2020 in “BMC Neuroscience” Male tissue has more cell death than female tissue after ischemia, and some neurosteroids only protect female cells.
24 citations
,
January 2001 in “Dermatologic clinics” Hormonal therapy is a treatment option for acne, the only medical treatment for hirsutism, and the most promising for androgenetic alopecia.
Facial hair is crucial for gender affirmation, but many face financial barriers to achieving desired results.
2 citations
,
June 2004 in “Expert review of pharmacoeconomics & outcomes research” Cheap treatments for excessive hair growth in women can improve symptoms by 35-40% after one year.
30 citations
,
December 1999 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings” Steroids, particularly estrogens and 5α-reductase inhibitors, affect blood vessel-related hair growth processes in hair follicle cells.
29 citations
,
February 2007 in “Hormone and metabolic research” Blocking the androgen receptor in skin cells reduces their growth response to male hormones, suggesting a possible treatment for skin conditions linked to androgens.
46 citations
,
January 2008 in “Climacteric” Testosterone therapy can help improve sexual desire and function in postmenopausal women but may cause side effects and is not FDA-approved for this use.
3 citations
,
January 2022 in “Journal of neuroendocrinology” Sex hormones affect brain cells differently in males and females.
May 2022 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” The enzyme 5α-reductase is important for proper blood vessel development during the fertility-related transformation of the uterus lining.
21 citations
,
February 2005 in “Epilepsy & Behavior” Reducing 3α,5α-THP in the hippocampus increases seizures in female rats.
10 citations
,
February 2017 in “European journal of neuroscience/EJN. European journal of neuroscience” The availability of certain hormones and specific stimulation patterns affect long-term synaptic changes in the male rat brain.
July 2001 in “APMIS. Acta pathologica, microbiologica et immunologica Scandinavica./APMIS” Male children's genital development issues can be caused by genetic mutations or environmental factors affecting hormone action.
11 citations
,
February 1980 in “BMJ. British medical journal” Hirsutism is common body hair growth due to genetics and hormones, and while not a disease, it can be distressing; virilisation includes hirsutism with other male traits and needs medical attention.