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GlossaryFollicular Differentiation

process where hair follicle cells become specialized for hair growth

Follicular differentiation is the process by which cells in the hair follicle develop into specialized types that contribute to hair growth. This involves the transformation of stem cells into various cell types, such as those forming the hair shaft, inner root sheath, and sebaceous glands, each playing a crucial role in the structure and function of the hair.

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research An immunohistochemical study of the apocrine type of cutaneous mixed tumors with special reference to their follicular and sebaceous differentiation

54 citations , May 1999 in “Journal of Cutaneous Pathology”

Apocrine type cutaneous mixed tumors often resemble hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and apocrine glands.

research The changes in the expression levels of follicular markers in keratoacanthoma depend on the stage: keratoacanthoma is a follicular neoplasm exhibiting infundibular/isthmic differentiation without expression of CK15

28 citations , February 2014 in “Journal of Cutaneous Pathology”

Keratoacanthoma changes as it grows, showing different hair follicle characteristics at each stage.

research Histopathologic Criteria for Follicular Differentiation

1 citations , January 2017

The document outlines criteria to identify and differentiate neoplasms based on follicular characteristics.

Hair Growth Induction by the Tellurium Immunomodulator AS101: Association with Delayed Terminal Differentiation of Follicular Keratinocytes and Ras-Dependent Up-Regulation of KGF Expression

research Hair growth induction by the tellurium immunomodulator AS101: association with delayed terminal differentiation of follicular keratinocytes and ras‐dependent up‐regulation of KGF expression

51 citations , December 2003 in “The FASEB Journal”

The substance AS101 can help hair grow by slowing down hair cell aging and boosting a hair growth protein.

research Keratinocyte growth factor is an important endogenous mediator of hair follicle growth, development, and differentiation. Normalization of the nu/nu follicular differentiation defect and amelioration of chemotherapy-induced alopecia.

219 citations , July 1995 in “PubMed”

Keratinocyte growth factor promotes hair growth and reduces hair loss from chemotherapy.

research Elastic Staining in Differentiating Between Follicular Streamers and Follicular Scars in Horizontal Scalp Biopsy Sections

11 citations , August 2017 in “American Journal of Dermatopathology”

EVG staining helps tell apart follicular scars from follicular streamers, aiding in diagnosing different types of hair loss.

research Tissue resident and follicular Treg cell differentiation is regulated by CRAC channels

40 citations , March 2019 in “Nature Communications”

CRAC channels are crucial for the development and function of specialized immune cells, preventing severe inflammation and autoimmune diseases.

research Cytokeratins as Markers of Follicular Differentiation

121 citations , December 2001 in “American Journal of Dermatopathology”

TB and BCC tumors show similar follicular differentiation patterns.

research Proliferation and differentiation of cultured human follicular keratinocytes are not influenced by biotin

22 citations , January 1996 in “Archives of Dermatological Research”

research Proliferation and differentiation of cultured human follicular keratinocytes are not influenced by biotin

4 citations , December 1995 in “Archives of Dermatological Research”

research Hair Loss Caused by Gain-of-Function Mutant TRPV3 Is Associated with Premature Differentiation of Follicular Keratinocytes

11 citations , March 2021 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

A gene mutation causes early keratinocyte maturation leading to hair loss in Olmsted syndrome.

research Trichodysplasia spinulosa: A benign adnexal proliferation with follicular differentiation associated with polyomavirus

8 citations , January 2013 in “Australasian journal of dermatology”

Trichodysplasia spinulosa is a rare skin condition caused by a virus, treatable with antiviral medication.

research Black Hair Follicular Dysplasia in Black and White Saluki Dogs: Differentiation from Color Mutant Alopecia in the Doberman Pinscher by Microscopic Examination of Hairs

28 citations , June 1991 in “Veterinary Dermatology”

Black and white Saluki dogs have a unique hair loss condition different from Doberman pinschers.

research Pitx2, a β-catenin-regulated transcription factor, regulates the differentiation of outer root sheath cells cultured in vitro

51 citations , February 2009 in “Journal of dermatological science”

Pitx2 helps outer root sheath cells differentiate but can't start hair growth on its own.

research Follicular and epidermal alterations in patients treated with ZD1839 (Iressa), an inhibitor of the epidermal growth factor receptor

169 citations , September 2002 in “British journal of dermatology/British journal of dermatology, Supplement”

ZD1839 (Iressa) causes skin and hair side effects, treatable with tretinoin cream and minocycline.

research Ichthyosis, Follicular Atrophoderma, and Hypotrichosis Caused by Mutations in ST14 Is Associated with Impaired Profilaggrin Processing

99 citations , October 2008 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Mutations in the ST14 gene cause skin and hair issues by disrupting important protein processing.

research Keratinocyte differentiation in psoriatic scalp: morphology and expression of epithelial keratins

63 citations , July 2006 in “British Journal of Dermatology”

Psoriasis causes changes in certain keratins and shrinks sebaceous glands in the scalp.

research Follicular ichthyosis

17 citations , July 1984 in “British journal of dermatology/British journal of dermatology, Supplement”

The four patients have a unique type of ichthyosis affecting hair follicles.

research 889 Trpv3 gain-of-function mutation impairs differentiation of hair follicle inner root sheath

April 2019 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

A specific mutation in the TRPV3 gene causes hair follicle cells to develop improperly, leading to hair loss.

research Trichoscopic Differentiation in Alopecia: Retrospective Case Series Comparing Lichen Planopilaris, Discoid Lupus Erythematosus, and Alopecia Areata

October 2025 in “JMIR Dermatology”

Exclamation-mark hairs and yellow dots indicate alopecia areata, while follicular ostia loss and white scarring indicate lichen planopilaris and discoid lupus erythematosus.

research The upper dermal sheath has a potential to regenerate the hair in the rat follicular epidermis

31 citations , September 1996 in “Differentiation”

The upper dermal sheath can regenerate hair in rats.

Cyclosporin A-Induced Hair Growth in Mice Is Associated with Inhibition of Calcineurin-Dependent Activation of NFAT in Follicular Keratinocytes

research Cyclosporin A-induced hair growth in mice is associated with inhibition of calcineurin-dependent activation of NFAT in follicular keratinocytes

57 citations , June 2003 in “American Journal of Physiology-cell Physiology”

Cyclosporin A helps mice grow hair by blocking a specific protein activity in skin cells.

research Epidermal Differentiation Complex: A Review on Its Epigenetic Regulation and Potential Drug Targets.

39 citations , January 2016 in “PubMed”

Understanding how EDC genes are regulated can help develop better drugs for skin diseases.

research Cystatin M/E Variant Causes Autosomal Dominant Keratosis Follicularis Spinulosa Decalvans by Dysregulating Cathepsins L and V

6 citations , July 2021 in “Frontiers in Genetics”

A gene variant causes a skin and hair disorder by disrupting protein balance.

research Modulating metal-organic frameworks by surface engineering of stearic acid modification for follicular drug delivery and enhanced hair growth promotion

2 citations , February 2025 in “Journal of Nanobiotechnology”

Modified frameworks with stearic acid enhance drug delivery and promote hair growth.

research Defining microRNA signatures of hair follicular stem and progenitor cells in healthy and androgenic alopecia patients

12 citations , November 2020 in “Journal of Dermatological Science”

Found microRNA differences in hair cells, suggesting potential treatment targets for hair loss.

Synergistic Treatment of Androgenetic Alopecia with Follicular Co-Delivery of Minoxidil and Cedrol in Metal-Organic Frameworks Stabilized by Covalently Cross-Linked Cyclodextrins

research Synergistic treatment of androgenetic alopecia with follicular co-delivery of minoxidil and cedrol in metal-organic frameworks stabilized by covalently cross-linked cyclodextrins

February 2024 in “International Journal of Pharmaceutics”

A new hair loss treatment combining minoxidil and cedrol improves hair growth and reduces side effects.

research Faculty Opinions recommendation of The vitamin D receptor is a Wnt effector that controls hair follicle differentiation and specifies tumor type in adult epidermis.

April 2008 in “Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature”

The vitamin D receptor helps control hair growth and may protect against certain skin tumors.

research Mouse notch: expression in hair follicles correlates with cell fate determination.

150 citations , May 1993 in “The journal of cell biology/The Journal of cell biology”

Mouse Notch is important for determining cell roles in hair follicles.

research Generalized trichoepitheliomas with alopecia and myasthenia gravis: Clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study and comparison with classic and desmoplastic trichoepithelioma

54 citations , November 1986 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology”

Generalized trichoepitheliomas with hair loss may indicate myasthenia gravis.