24 citations
,
November 2015 in “Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism” Certain SHBG gene variants, like rs727428, are linked to higher testosterone levels in women with PCOS.
12 citations
,
April 1987 in “PubMed” Low-dose spironolactone is safe and effective for treating hirsutism.
8 citations
,
March 2022 in “International Journal of Endocrinology” Combining spironolactone with metformin reduces insulin resistance in PCOS better than either drug alone.
8 citations
,
January 1986 in “Journal of hepatology” Men with liver cancer have higher levels of a specific testosterone byproduct in their liver and blood, despite overall lower male hormone levels.
1 citations
,
December 2013 in “ThinkTech (Texas Tech University)” A low insulinemic diet improves weight, hormone levels, and well-being in women with PCOS.
October 2025 in “Zagazig University Medical Journal” Skin issues like hirsutism, acne, and acanthosis nigricans are common in PCOS and linked to hormone and metabolic changes.
September 2025 in “Reproductive health of woman” Metformin reduces high male hormone levels in women with PCOS.
September 2025 in “Scientific periodicals of Ukraine” Metformin effectively reduces hormone levels in women with PCOS.
September 2023 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” Adolescents with hair loss show different hormone levels by sex and often have related metabolic issues.
A very low-calorie ketogenic diet led to weight loss and improved metabolic and hormonal health in obese men, with better sperm motility.
November 2022 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A woman's masculine features were caused by a rare ovarian tumor that produced male hormones.
September 2021 in “Conference Proceedings” Older men with high total testosterone might not show symptoms, while younger men with hyperandrogenism may experience hair loss or acne.
November 2020 in “ALEXMED ePosters (Online)” People with PCOS often have skin problems like excessive hair growth, hair loss, acne, and dark patches, which are linked to hormonal and metabolic imbalances.
April 2020 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A woman's severe hirsutism was caused by Leydig cell tumors in her ovaries, which improved after surgery.
October 2007 in “Postgraduate obstetrics & gynecology” Testosterone therapy can help postmenopausal women with low sexual desire but needs more safety research and should be used with estrogen therapy.
December 2005 in “Endocrine-related cancer” A woman's adrenal tumor disappeared after treatment with cyproterone acetate.
September 2004 in “Fertility and Sterility” Norplant implants lower some androgen levels but don't significantly change sexual function.
January 2016 in “Indian journal of clinical and experimental dermatology” Early hair loss in young males may not be clearly linked to insulin resistance or metabolic syndrome.
12 citations
,
July 1993 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Certain sex hormones and antiandrogens can either slow down or speed up the growth of human hair follicle cells depending on their concentration.
April 2020 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A 14-year-old girl with no menstrual period was diagnosed with Swyer Syndrome and treated for a related cancer risk.
29 citations
,
November 1975 in “Clinics in endocrinology and metabolism” Testosterone is made by Leydig cells, is active when not bound to proteins, and works by binding to receptors in muscles and other tissues.
24 citations
,
March 2003 in “Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Androgens, male hormones, play a role in both men and women's health, and testosterone therapy can help women with low levels, but it's not suitable for pregnant or lactating women, or those with certain conditions.
4 citations
,
January 1994 in “Journal of hepatology” Cyclosporine A therapy changes sex hormone levels differently in pre-menopausal and post-menopausal women with primary biliary cirrhosis.
32 citations
,
July 2001 in “Endocrine Practice” Insulin-sensitizing drugs like metformin can help with ovulation, weight loss, and lower testosterone in some women with PCOS.
4 citations
,
January 1989 in “Journal of Steroid Biochemistry” Women with hyperandrogenism have higher androgen levels and lower SHBG, which may contribute to conditions like excessive hair growth and early puberty.
1 citations
,
November 2007 in “Neuro-chirurgie/Neurochirurgie” Cyproterone acetate is a safe treatment that causes modest feminization in transgender female adolescents, and works better with added estrogens.
May 2023 in “Frontiers in Endocrinology” Blocking CRF1 receptors improved male hormone levels and reduced testicular tumor size in men with a specific adrenal condition.
33 citations
,
January 2017 in “Conservation physiology” Measuring reproductive hormones in brown bear hair could help identify their sex and reproductive state, but better collection methods or lab techniques are needed.
19 citations
,
April 2018 in “Clinical cardiology” Older men with low levels of a testosterone byproduct had a higher chance of developing an irregular heartbeat.
22 citations
,
September 2024 in “Human Reproduction Update” Androgen measurement helps diagnose PCOS, but accuracy varies, needing standard methods.